Multi-purpose stereoadapter.

A noninvasive adapter for CT-, MRI- and angiography-guided stereotaxis had originally been developed for morphological (tumor biopsy) surgery. Because of its high accuracy it has also been used for functional stereotaxis (e.g., thalamotomy, cingulotomy, hypothalamotomy, dentatotomy) and for external stereotactic irradiation of brain tumors and arteriovenous malformations with a conventional linear accelerator. Additionally, it has been used for locating subcortical brain tumors for open surgery. Recently, the adapter, supplied with a phantom base, has been used for percutaneous tumor biopsy and ventriculostomy without a stereotactic frame.