Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Water Res. 2021 Feb 1;189:116666. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116666. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
With the goal of zero-liquid discharge and green energy harvest, extraction of abundant green energy from saline water via pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) technology is a promising but challenging issue for water treatment technologies to achieve water and energy sustainability. Development of high performance PRO membranes has received increased concerns yet still under controversy in practical applications. In this review, a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of some key historical developments is first introduced covering the major advances of PRO engineering applications and novel membranes especially made in recent years. Then the critical performance indicators of PRO membranes including water flux and power density are briefly discussed. Subsequently, sufficient discussion on four performance limiting factors in PRO membrane and process is presented including concentration polarization, reverse solute diffusion, membrane fouling and mechanical stability. To fully address these issues, an updated insight is provided into recent major progresses on advanced fabrication and modification techniques of novel PRO membranes featuring enhanced performance with different configurations and materials, which are also reviewed in detail based on the viewpoint of design rationales. Afterwards, antifouling strategies and engineering applications are critically introduced. Finally, conclusions and future perspective of PRO membrane for practical operation are briefly discussed.
为实现零液体排放和绿色能源收获的目标，通过压力延迟渗透（PRO）技术从盐水中提取丰富的绿色能源是水处理技术实现水和能源可持续性的一项很有前景但具有挑战性的问题。高性能 PRO 膜的开发受到了越来越多的关注，但在实际应用中仍存在争议。在这篇综述中，首先介绍了一些关键历史发展的全面和最新讨论，涵盖了 PRO 工程应用和近年来特别开发的新型膜的主要进展。然后简要讨论了 PRO 膜的关键性能指标，包括水通量和功率密度。随后，充分讨论了 PRO 膜和工艺中的四个性能限制因素，包括浓差极化、反向溶质扩散、膜污染和机械稳定性。为了充分解决这些问题，提供了对新型 PRO 膜先进制造和改性技术的最新见解，这些技术具有不同构型和材料的增强性能，也根据设计原理进行了详细的综述。然后，批判性地介绍了抗污染策略和工程应用。最后，简要讨论了 PRO 膜在实际运行中的结论和未来展望。
