College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Centre of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
J Plant Physiol. 2021 Jan;256:153327. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153327. Epub 2020 Nov 22.
In plants, next to the secondary messengers lies an array of signal relaying molecules among which Calmodulins convey the unequivocal alarms of calcium influxes to Calmodulin-Binding Transcription Activators (CAMTA). Upon reception, CAMTA transcription factors decode the calcium signatures by transcribing the genes corresponding to the specific stimulus, thus have direct/indirect engagement in the complex signalling crosstalk. CAMTA transcription factors make an important contribution to the genome of all eukaryotes, including plants, from Brassica napus (18) to Carica papaya (2), the number of CAMTA genes varies across the plant species, however they exhibit a similar evolutionarily conserved domain organization including a DNA-Binding Domain (CG-1), a Transcription Factor Immunoglobulin Binding Domain (TIG), a Calmodulin-Binding Domain (CaMBD/IQ) and several Ankyrin repeats. The regulatory region of CAMTA genes possess multiple stress-responsive cis motifs including ABRE, SARE, G-box, W-box, AuXRE, DRE and others. CAMTA TFs in Arabidopsis have been studied extensively, however in other plants (with a few exceptions), the evidence merely bases upon expression analyses. CAMTAs are reported to orchestrate biotic as well as abiotic stresses including those occurring due to water and temperature fluctuations as well as heavy metals, light and salinity. Through CG-1 domain, CAMTA TFs bind the CG-box in the promoter of their target genes and modulate their expression under adverse conditions. Here we present a glimpse of how calcium signatures are coded and decoded and translated into necessary responses. In addition, we have emphasized on exploitation of the multiple-stress responsive nature of CAMTAs in engineering plants with desired traits.
在植物中，除了第二信使之外，还有一系列信号转导分子，其中钙调素将钙流入的明确警报传递给钙调素结合转录激活因子（CAMTA）。CAMTA 转录因子接收后，通过转录对应于特定刺激的基因，解码钙信号，从而直接/间接参与复杂的信号串扰。CAMTA 转录因子对包括植物在内的所有真核生物的基因组做出了重要贡献，从油菜（18）到木瓜（2），CAMTA 基因的数量因植物物种而异，但它们表现出相似的进化保守结构域组织，包括 DNA 结合域（CG-1）、转录因子免疫球蛋白结合域（TIG）、钙调素结合域（CaMBD/IQ）和几个锚蛋白重复序列。CAMTA 基因的调控区具有多个应激响应顺式元件，包括 ABRE、SARE、G-box、W-box、AuXRE、DRE 等。拟南芥中的 CAMTA TFs 已经得到了广泛研究，但是在其他植物中（除了少数例外），证据仅仅基于表达分析。CAMTAs 被报道协调生物和非生物胁迫，包括由于水温和重金属、光照和盐度波动引起的胁迫。通过 CG-1 结构域，CAMTA TFs 结合其靶基因启动子中的 CG 盒，并在不利条件下调节其表达。在这里，我们展示了如何对钙信号进行编码和解码，并将其转化为必要的反应。此外，我们还强调了利用 CAMTA 的多应激响应特性在具有所需特性的工程植物中的潜力。
