Delgado M Lisette, Ruzzante Daniel E
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
iScience. 2020 Nov 20;23(12):101837. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101837. eCollection 2020 Dec 18.
Diadromy, the predictable movements of individuals between marine and freshwater environments, is biogeographically and phylogenetically widespread across fishes. Thus, despite the high energetic and potential fitness costs involved in moving between distinct environments, diadromy appears to be an effective life history strategy. Yet, the origin and molecular mechanisms that underpin this migratory behavior are not fully understood. In this review, we aim first to summarize what is known about diadromy in fishes; this includes the phylogenetic relationship among diadromous species, a description of the main hypotheses regarding its origin, and a discussion of the presence of non-migratory populations within diadromous species. Second, we discuss how recent research based on -omics approaches (chiefly genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics) is beginning to provide answers to questions on the genetic bases and origin(s) of diadromy. Finally, we suggest future directions for -omics research that can help tackle questions on the evolution of diadromy.
洄游，即个体在海洋和淡水环境之间的可预测移动，在鱼类的生物地理学和系统发育中广泛存在。因此，尽管在不同环境之间移动涉及高昂的能量消耗和潜在的适应性成本，但洄游似乎是一种有效的生活史策略。然而，这种洄游行为的起源和分子机制尚未完全明了。在本综述中，我们首先旨在总结关于鱼类洄游的已知信息；这包括洄游性物种之间的系统发育关系、关于其起源的主要假说的描述，以及对洄游性物种中非洄游种群存在情况的讨论。其次，我们讨论基于组学方法（主要是基因组学、转录组学和表观基因组学）的最新研究如何开始为关于洄游的遗传基础和起源的问题提供答案。最后，我们提出组学研究的未来方向，这些方向有助于解决关于洄游进化的问题。
