ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Fisheries Biology and Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Biomarkers. 2021 Feb;26(1):13-25. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2020.1863470. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Microplastics (MPs; <5 mm) are found in all aquatic environments. Due to harmful impacts, MPs pose a great threat to the aquatic ecology. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the risk, bioavailability, and toxicity of MPs in aquatic organisms. Various factors affecting MPs bioavailability and level of risks at cellular and molecular level on aquatic organisms are comprehensively discussed. More specifically biomarkers for antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), neurotoxic impairment (acetylcholinesterase), lysosomal activity alteration, and genotoxicity have been discussed in detail. Biomarkers are powerful tool in the monitoring programme, but the collection of literature on biomarkers for MPs is limited. Thus, here we demonstrate how to evaluate MPs impact, in monitoring programme, on organisms using biomarkers in aquatic environment. This review would broaden the existing knowledge on the toxic effect and biomarkers of MPs and offer research priorities for future studies.
微塑料（MPs；<5 毫米）存在于所有水生环境中。由于其有害影响，MPs 对水生生态系统构成了巨大威胁。因此，本综述旨在概述 MPs 在水生生物中的风险、生物可利用性和毒性。综合讨论了影响 MPs 生物利用度的各种因素，以及 MPs 在细胞和分子水平上对水生生物的风险水平。详细讨论了抗氧化反应（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、还原酶和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶）、神经毒性损伤（乙酰胆碱酯酶）、溶酶体活性改变和遗传毒性的生物标志物。生物标志物是监测计划中的有力工具，但关于 MPs 生物标志物的文献收集有限。因此，在这里，我们展示了如何使用水生环境中的生物标志物来评估 MPs 对生物体的影响在监测计划中。本综述将拓宽 MPs 的毒性作用和生物标志物的现有知识，并为未来的研究提供研究重点。
