Faculty of Civil Engineering Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Kozaracka 2a, 24000, Subotica, Serbia.
Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky street 12-14, H-6500, Baja, Hungary.
Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Dec 11;193(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08751-y.
Adequate monitoring and data acquisition of proper hydraulic, sediment, and constituent parameters in alluvial watercourses have become crucial aspects of human interaction with the environment. Conducting well-organized, comprehensive, and meaningful field measurements on natural watercourses are of great importance when assessing its hydraulic, morphological, and ecological state. However, this paper presents a methodology for field measurements on alluvial watercourses in light of numerical modeling. The proposed methodology focuses on collecting field data sets to calibrate numerical models for flow, sediment, and heavy metal transport. The proposed approach targets the simultaneous measurement of hydraulic, sediment transport, and heavy metal transport parameters that are key for calibrating constants and exchange mechanisms in contemporary numerical models. Using the principles laid out in this paper, two sets of measurements were carried out on the Danube River, one on a reach near Mohács in Hungary and the other on a reach near Belgrade in Serbia. The first case study discusses the measurement and results of comprehensive hydraulic and sediment parameters. The second case study considers hydraulic and sediment measurements complemented with trace metal measurements for zinc, lead, and mercury. These measurements were used for calibrating numerical models for flow, sediment, and heavy metal transport, as a proof of concept. It has been demonstrated that the gathered data sets contain key parameters that are strongly linked through physical laws and are needed for calibration purposes, as well as parameters that can allow the newly calibrated coefficients to be confirmed through other measured phenomena. Therefore, the proposed methodology provides minimal data sets with detailed measurements for calibrating numerical models for flow, sediment, and heavy metal transport. Guidelines for future measurements that can suffice the increasing need for numerical modeling and monitoring of natural watercourses are also offered.
对冲积河道的适当水力、泥沙和成分参数进行监测和数据采集，已成为人类与环境相互作用的关键方面。在评估自然河道的水力、形态和生态状况时，对天然河道进行组织良好、全面和有意义的现场测量非常重要。然而，本文提出了一种基于数值模拟的冲积河道现场测量方法。该方法侧重于收集现场数据集，以校准水流、泥沙和重金属输运的数值模型。该方法的目的是同时测量水力、泥沙输运和重金属输运参数，这些参数是校准当代数值模型常数和交换机制的关键。本文提出的方法针对的是同时测量水力、泥沙输运和重金属输运参数，这些参数是校准当代数值模型常数和交换机制的关键。使用本文提出的原理，在多瑙河上进行了两组测量，一组在匈牙利的 Mohács 附近进行，另一组在塞尔维亚的贝尔格莱德附近进行。第一个案例研究讨论了综合水力和泥沙参数的测量和结果。第二个案例研究考虑了水力和泥沙测量，并补充了锌、铅和汞的痕量金属测量。这些测量用于校准水流、泥沙和重金属输运的数值模型，作为概念验证。结果表明，所收集的数据集包含通过物理定律紧密关联的关键参数，这些参数是校准所必需的，以及可用于通过其他测量现象确认新校准系数的参数。因此，该方法提供了用于校准水流、泥沙和重金属输运的数值模型的最小数据集和详细测量。还为未来的测量提供了指导，以满足对自然河道数值建模和监测日益增长的需求。
