Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28117Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2021 Feb;37(2):77-89. doi: 10.1177/0748233720977383. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
Increased production and use of different types of nanoparticles (NPs) in the last decades has led to increased environmental release of these NPs with potential detrimental effects on both the environment and public health. Information is scarce in the literature on the cytotoxic effect of co-exposure to many NPs as this concern is relatively recent. Thus, in this study, we hypothesized scenarios of cell's co-exposure to two kinds of NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), to assess the potential cytotoxicity of exposure to NPs combination. Cytotoxicity of SPIONs, SLNs, and their 1:1 mixture (MIX) in six tumor and six non-tumor cell lines was investigated. The mechanisms underlining the induced cytotoxicity were studied through cell cycle analysis, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Double staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide was also used to confirm cell morphology alterations. The results showed that SPIONs induced low cytotoxicity compared to SLNs. However, the mixture of SPIONs and SLNs showed synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects based on distinct tests such as viability assay, ROS generation, ΔΨM, and DNA damage, depending on the cell line. Apoptosis triggered by ROS and disturbances in ΔΨM are the most probable related mechanisms of action. As was postulated, there is possible cytotoxic interaction between the two kinds of NPs.
在过去几十年中，不同类型的纳米颗粒（NPs）的产量和使用增加，导致这些 NPs 更多地释放到环境中，对环境和公众健康可能产生潜在的不利影响。文献中关于许多 NPs 共同暴露的细胞毒性效应的信息很少，因为这种担忧是相对较新的。因此，在这项研究中，我们假设细胞同时暴露于两种 NPs（固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLNs）和超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIONs））的情况，以评估暴露于 NPs 混合物的潜在细胞毒性。研究了 SPIONs、SLNs 及其 1:1 混合物（MIX）在六种肿瘤和六种非肿瘤细胞系中的细胞毒性。通过细胞周期分析、活性氧（ROS）检测和线粒体膜电位（ΔΨM）变化研究了导致细胞毒性的机制。吖啶橙和溴化乙锭的双重染色也用于证实细胞形态的改变。结果表明，与 SLNs 相比，SPIONs 诱导的细胞毒性较低。然而，基于不同的测试，如活力测定、ROS 生成、ΔΨM 和 DNA 损伤，SPIONs 和 SLNs 的混合物表现出协同、拮抗和相加的作用，这取决于细胞系。ROS 触发的细胞凋亡和 ΔΨM 的紊乱是最可能的相关作用机制。正如假设的那样，两种 NPs 之间可能存在细胞毒性相互作用。
