Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Maturitas. 2021 Jan;143:203-208. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.10.015. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
We aimed to prospectively examine the relationship between vision and hearing loss and successful aging in a cohort of older adults.
We analyzed 5-year data (1997-9 to 2002-4) from 1,085 adults aged 55+ years, who were free of cancer, coronary artery disease and stroke at baseline and who had complete data on sensory loss.
Visual impairment was defined as visual acuity <20/40 (better eye), and hearing impairment as average pure-tone air conduction threshold >25 dBHL (500-4000 Hz, better ear). Successful aging was defined as the absence of: disability, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, respiratory symptoms and chronic diseases (cancer, coronary artery disease and stroke) at 5-year follow-up.
At 5-year follow-up, 243 (22.4%) participants had died and 248 (22.9%) had aged successfully. After multivariable adjustment, participants who had either best-corrected visual impairment or bilateral hearing impairment, versus those who did not have sensory impairment at baseline, had 37% reduced odds of successful aging after 5 years: OR 0.63 (95% CI 0.43-0.94). Concurrent vision and hearing loss at baseline was not associated with 5-year aging status. Participants with moderate and severe hearing handicap at baseline had 50% and 61% reduced odds of aging successfully after 5 years, respectively.
The presence of a single sensory impairment in older adults was associated with reduced odds of being disease-free and fully functional or having aged successfully, 5 years later. Objectively measured hearing loss and self-perceived hearing handicap, rather than vision loss, was more likely to negatively influence 5-year aging status.
本研究旨在前瞻性地探讨老年人中视力和听力损失与成功衰老之间的关系。
我们分析了 1085 名年龄在 55 岁以上的成年人的 5 年数据（1997-9 年至 2002-4 年），这些成年人在基线时没有癌症、冠心病和中风，并且完全没有听力损失的数据。
视力障碍定义为视力<20/40（较好眼），听力障碍定义为平均纯音空气传导阈值>25dBHL（500-4000Hz，较好耳）。成功衰老定义为在 5 年随访时没有以下情况：残疾、抑郁症状、认知障碍、呼吸系统症状和慢性疾病（癌症、冠心病和中风）。
在 5 年随访时，243 名（22.4%）参与者死亡，248 名（22.9%）成功衰老。经过多变量调整后，与基线时没有感觉障碍的参与者相比，那些有最佳矫正视力障碍或双侧听力障碍的参与者在 5 年后成功衰老的可能性降低了 37%：OR 0.63（95%CI 0.43-0.94）。基线时同时存在视力和听力损失与 5 年的衰老状态无关。基线时中度和重度听力障碍的参与者在 5 年后成功衰老的可能性分别降低了 50%和 61%。
在老年人中存在单一的感觉障碍与 5 年后无疾病和完全功能或成功衰老的可能性降低有关。客观测量的听力损失和自我感知的听力障碍，而不是视力损失，更有可能对 5 年的衰老状态产生负面影响。
