Hollemans M S, de Vries Reilingh G, de Vries S, Parmentier H K, Lammers A
Coppens Diervoeding B.V, PO Box 79, NL-5700AB, Helmond, the Netherlands; Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, NL-6700AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2021 Apr;117:103954. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103954. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
Immune maturation of broiler chickens may be affected by management, such as early life feeding strategy (early versus delayed nutrition) or by low or high sanitary conditions (LSC versus HSC). We compared systemic maternal (MAb), natural (NAb), natural auto- (NAAb), and antigen specific antibody (SpAb) levels (IgM, IgY) between broilers (n = 48 per treatment) that received early (EN) or delayed nutrition for 72 h (DN) housed in either low (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) between 7 and 35 d of age. We found minimal interactions between feeding strategy and sanitary conditions. At 7 d of age, broilers receiving EN compared with DN, had elevated levels of IgM binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), phosphoryl-conjugated ovalbumin (PC-OVA), and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), whereas effects of feeding strategy diminished at later ages. In LSC compared with HSC broilers, levels of NAb agglutinating RRBC and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were already elevated from 14 d of age onwards. At 33 d of age, antibody levels (NAb, NAAb, anti-LPS, anti-MDP) were all elevated in LSC, compared with HSC broilers, for both IgM and IgY, but not IgM against KLH. Western blotting revealed different binding patterns of NAAb against chicken liver homogenate, which may indicate that the NAAb repertoire is affected by antigenic pressure. Our data suggest that antibody levels are affected for an important part by environmental conditions (feeding strategy and sanitary conditions), but minimally by their interaction. However, it remains to be further studied whether the enhanced levels of antibodies as initiated by EN and LSC contribute to enhanced resistance to infectious diseases.
肉鸡的免疫成熟可能会受到管理因素的影响，例如早期饲养策略（早期营养与延迟营养），或受到低或高卫生条件（低卫生条件与高卫生条件）的影响。我们比较了在7至35日龄期间饲养于低卫生条件（LSC）或高卫生条件（HSC）下，接受72小时早期营养（EN）或延迟营养（DN）的肉鸡（每组n = 48）之间的全身性母源抗体（MAb）、天然抗体（NAb）、天然自身抗体（NAAb）和抗原特异性抗体（SpAb）水平（IgM、IgY）。我们发现饲养策略和卫生条件之间的相互作用极小。7日龄时，与接受延迟营养的肉鸡相比，接受早期营养的肉鸡，其结合钥孔戚血蓝蛋白（KLH）、磷酸化缀合卵清蛋白（PC-OVA）和胞壁酰二肽（MDP）的IgM水平升高，而饲养策略的影响在后期有所减弱。与高卫生条件下的肉鸡相比，低卫生条件下的肉鸡从14日龄起，其凝集兔红细胞（RRBC）和绵羊红细胞（SRBC）的天然抗体水平就已经升高。33日龄时，与高卫生条件下的肉鸡相比，低卫生条件下的肉鸡的IgM和IgY的抗体水平（天然抗体、天然自身抗体、抗脂多糖、抗胞壁酰二肽）均升高，但抗钥孔戚血蓝蛋白的IgM未升高。蛋白质印迹法显示天然自身抗体与鸡肝匀浆的结合模式不同，这可能表明天然自身抗体库受抗原压力影响。我们的数据表明，抗体水平在很大程度上受环境条件（饲养策略和卫生条件）的影响，但受它们之间相互作用的影响极小。然而，早期营养和低卫生条件引发的抗体水平升高是否有助于增强对传染病的抵抗力，仍有待进一步研究。
