Greń Jakub, Ostaszewski Krzysztof, Pisarska Agnieszka, Bobrowski Krzysztof
Public Health Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
Addict Behav. 2021 Mar;114:106746. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106746. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) are an alcohol-specific cognitive-behavioral strategies that may be employed before, during and/or after drinking, in order to reduce alcohol consumption and related consequences, particularly in the at-risk populations. Previous research on PBS was limited to North American college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of PBS use in a sample of Polish adolescents attending Special Educational Centers (SEC).
Data were collected from a nationwide sample of 12-19 year-old (Mean = 15.8; SD = 1.22) students attending SEC in Poland (N = 1585; about 33% female). The self-administered anonymous questionnaires were completed on-site in the SEC. PBS were measured by the authors adaptation of the PBSS-20. Alcohol-related problems were assessed by the Polish adaptation of the measures used in the MINI-KID tool. Alcohol use was measured by a single question on drinking frequency. These two latter variables were measured in the past year timeframe. Hierarchical regression models were used to test the main and interaction effects of employing PBS (total and subscales scores) on alcohol-related problems, after adjusting for demographics (gender, family composition and type of SEC) and alcohol use.
The majority (about 94%) of study participants reported employment of some PBS. Regression analyses indicated that PBS use was associated with reduced risk of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. We found that PBS significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, for PBS total scale (F-change (1,1555) = 15.96, p < .001) and one of the PBS subscale: Limiting/Stopping Drinking (F-change (1,1555) = 4.80, p < .029). Findings were discussed within the results of PBS literature and resilience theory framework.
The use of PBS helps to reduce alcohol-related problems among adolescents attending SEC. Implementation of tailored interventions that teach PBS among vulnerable adolescents may be an effective way to strengthen adolescent self-protection, reduce risky alcohol use and related negative consequences.
保护性行为策略（PBS）是一种针对酒精的认知行为策略，可在饮酒前、饮酒期间和/或饮酒后采用，以减少酒精消费及相关后果，尤其是在高危人群中。先前关于PBS的研究仅限于北美大学生。本研究的目的是考察PBS在就读于特殊教育中心（SEC）的波兰青少年样本中的作用。
数据收集自波兰全国范围内12至19岁（平均年龄=15.8岁；标准差=1.22）就读于SEC的学生样本（N=1585；约33%为女性）。自行填写的匿名问卷在SEC现场完成。PBS通过作者对PBSS-20的改编版本进行测量。与酒精相关的问题通过对MINI-KID工具中使用的测量方法进行波兰语改编来评估。酒精使用情况通过一个关于饮酒频率的单一问题来测量。后两个变量在过去一年的时间范围内进行测量。在调整人口统计学因素（性别、家庭构成和SEC类型）和酒精使用情况后，使用分层回归模型来检验采用PBS（总分和子量表分数）对与酒精相关问题的主效应和交互效应。
大多数（约94%）研究参与者报告采用了一些PBS。回归分析表明，使用PBS与降低酒精使用风险和与酒精相关问题的风险相关。我们发现，对于PBS总量表（F变化(1,1555)=15.96，p<.001）以及PBS子量表之一：限制/停止饮酒（F变化(1,1555)=4.80，p<.029），PBS显著调节了酒精使用与与酒精相关问题之间的关系。研究结果在PBS文献结果和复原力理论框架内进行了讨论。
使用PBS有助于减少就读于SEC的青少年中与酒精相关的问题。在易受影响的青少年中实施教授PBS的量身定制干预措施，可能是加强青少年自我保护、减少危险饮酒及相关负面后果的有效方法。
