Antonyshyn O, Gruss J S
Division of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Medical Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Adv Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;7:61-92.
High-velocity trauma to the orbit is characterized by complete disruption of the orbital rim and comminution of the walls of the orbital cavity. The incidence of associated injury to the intraorbital contents, and to contiguous facial skeletal structures, is significant. Failure to recognize and repair the skeletal injuries results in progressive contracture of the overlying soft tissues, collapse of the bony framework of the orbit, and atrophy of incarcerated intraorbital contents. Immediate orbital reconstruction aims to restore and maintain the normal anatomy of the craniofacial skeleton. The introduction of computed tomography (CT) and craniofacial surgical techniques facilitates comprehensive evaluation of orbital fractures. Further adaptation of the principles and techniques of rigid internal skeletal fixation and primary bone grafting permits a stable, three-dimensional, anatomic reconstruction of virtually any traumatic orbital deformity.
眼眶的高速创伤表现为眶缘完全断裂和眶腔壁粉碎。眶内内容物及相邻面部骨骼结构发生相关损伤的发生率很高。未能识别和修复骨骼损伤会导致覆盖其上的软组织逐渐挛缩、眼眶骨框架塌陷以及眶内嵌顿内容物萎缩。即刻眼眶重建旨在恢复和维持颅面骨骼的正常解剖结构。计算机断层扫描（CT）和颅面外科技术的引入有助于对眼眶骨折进行全面评估。对坚固内骨骼固定和一期骨移植的原则及技术的进一步应用，使得几乎任何创伤性眼眶畸形都能实现稳定的三维解剖重建。
