Malakhov Sergey N, Dmitryakov Petr V, Pichkur Evgeny B, Chvalun Sergey N
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Dec 14;12(12):2981. doi: 10.3390/polym12122981.
Nowadays, polypropylene-based nonwovens are used in many areas, from filtration to medicine. One of the methods for obtaining such materials is melt electrospinning. In some cases, it is especially interesting to produce composite fibers with a high degree of filling. In this work, the influence of the filling degree of isotactic polypropylene with calcium carbonate on the structure and properties of nonwoven materials obtained by melt electrospinning was studied. It was shown that electrospinning is possible, even at a filler content of 50%, while the average diameter of the fibers increases with the growth in the content of calcium carbonate. The addition of sodium stearate significantly reduces the diameter of the fibers (from 10-65 to 2-10 microns) due to reducing viscosity and increasing the electrical conductivity of the melt. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy reveal that the initial polymer and composites are characterized by the presence of stable α-form crystals, while nonwovens show a predominance of smectic mesophase. The addition of calcium carbonate leads to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the composite films, the addition of sodium stearate results in a decrease of hydrophobicity, while all nonwovens demonstrate superhydrophobic properties.
如今，聚丙烯基非织造布在许多领域都有应用，从过滤到医学。获得此类材料的方法之一是熔体静电纺丝。在某些情况下，生产具有高填充度的复合纤维尤其令人感兴趣。在这项工作中，研究了等规聚丙烯中碳酸钙的填充度对通过熔体静电纺丝获得的非织造材料的结构和性能的影响。结果表明，即使填料含量为50%时也可以进行静电纺丝，而纤维的平均直径随着碳酸钙含量的增加而增大。由于降低了熔体的粘度并提高了电导率，添加硬脂酸钠显著减小了纤维直径（从10 - 65微米减小到2 - 10微米）。广角X射线衍射分析和红外光谱表明，初始聚合物和复合材料的特征是存在稳定的α晶型，而非织造布显示出层状中间相占主导。添加碳酸钙导致复合膜的疏水性增加，添加硬脂酸钠导致疏水性降低，而所有非织造布都表现出超疏水性能。
