Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1264:131-153. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_9.
With the increasing global use of medical and adult recreational use of cannabis and cannabinoids, this chapter provides overview of evidence from animal and human studies on psychiatric disorders and cannabinoid receptors. We review and present evaluation of the relationship between changes in the ECS and psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests the existence of a relationship between changes in components of the ECS, and some of the symptoms present in psychiatric disorders. Both CB1Rs and CB2Rs are components of the endocannabinoid system with different cellular and tissue localization patterns that are differentially expressed in the CNS and PNS and are emerging targets for the treatment of number psychiatric disorders. As cannabis preparations are widely used for recreation globally, it is predictable that cannabis use disorders (CUDs) will increase and there is currently no available treatment for CUDs. Although major advances have been reported from cannabinoid and ECS research, there are gaps in scientific knowledge on long-term consequences of cannabis use. Adolescent and cannabis use during pregnancy presents further challenges, and more research will uncover the signaling pathways that couple the gut microbiota with the host ECS. Development of cannabis and cannabinoid nanomedicine for nanotherapy will certainly overcome some of the shortcomings and challenges in medicinal and recreational use of cannabis and cannabinoids. Thus, nanotechnology will allow targeted delivery of cannabinoid formulations with the potential to elevate their use to scientifically validated nanotherapeutic applications as the field of cannabis nanoscience matures.
随着医用大麻和大麻素在全球范围内的使用不断增加，以及成人娱乐性使用的增加，本章提供了动物和人类研究中关于精神疾病和大麻素受体的证据概述。我们回顾并评估了 ECS 的变化与精神疾病之间的关系。有证据表明，ECS 成分的变化与精神疾病的一些症状之间存在关联。CB1R 和 CB2R 都是内源性大麻素系统的组成部分，具有不同的细胞和组织定位模式，在中枢神经系统和周围神经系统中表达不同，并且是治疗多种精神疾病的新兴靶点。由于大麻制剂在全球范围内被广泛用于娱乐，预计大麻使用障碍（CUD）的发病率将会增加，而目前尚无针对 CUD 的有效治疗方法。尽管在大麻素和 ECS 研究方面取得了重大进展，但关于大麻使用的长期后果的科学知识仍存在空白。青少年和怀孕期间使用大麻会带来进一步的挑战，更多的研究将揭示肠道微生物群与宿主 ECS 之间的信号通路。用于纳米治疗的大麻和大麻素纳米医学的发展肯定会克服医用和娱乐用大麻和大麻素的一些缺点和挑战。因此，纳米技术将允许对大麻素制剂进行靶向递送，有可能将其用途提升到经过科学验证的纳米治疗应用，随着大麻纳米科学领域的成熟。
