Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
Department of Textile Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Brazil.
Environ Technol. 2022 Jun;43(14):2099-2112. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1866086. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Techniques using membranes for the treatment of wastewaters usually promote higher quality of treated water when compared to other processes. Among them, pervaporation has advantages in terms of selectivity in addition to low working pressure, which can prevent clogging problems. Polysulfone and polyurethane have complementary characteristics and are interesting in the context of membranes for industrial applications. In this sense, the aim of this work was to prepare and characterize polysulfone/polyurethane-based membranes and tested them with a simulated wastewater containing the reactive black dye and sodium chloride by pervaporation. In their manufacture, thermal treatment (at 60°C) and photo-radiation treatment (using ultraviolet light) were also applied. The characterizations were performed using different analytical tools. In general, it was possible to verify that all membranes have a dense layer. The thermal analysis allowed to define that the indicated working temperature is below 50°C. With respect to the simulated wastewater treatment, all membranes reached 100% selectivity. Concerning the saline solution, the mean selectivity was around 98.5%. Moreover, the permeate flow values were within the range presented by commercial membranes ranging from 1.6 to 2.4 kg m h. Although for the photoirradiated membranes the photo-graft reaction has occurred, among all membranes, the blend without any treatment stood out from the others, presenting the highest permeate flow of the simulated wastewater. Finally, the results reveal that these membranes are capable of recovering wastewater from textile processes, in addition to having the potential to remove salts from water through the pervaporation process. Polysulfone/polyurethane-based membranes were not yet evaluated for wastewater recovery.Modifications in the membrane characteristics promoted variations in the permeate flow.Changes in physical-chemical properties of membrane as a result of a photoinitiation reaction.Removal efficiency achieved was 100% for reactive black dye and 98.5% for sodium chloride.A new way of performing pervaporation on the recovery of aqueous solutions.
利用膜技术处理废水通常比其他工艺能获得更高质量的处理水。其中，渗透蒸发在选择性方面具有优势，此外工作压力低，可防止堵塞问题。聚砜和聚氨酯具有互补的特性，在工业应用膜方面很有意义。在这方面，本工作的目的是制备和表征聚砜/聚氨酯基膜，并通过渗透蒸发用含有活性黑染料和氯化钠的模拟废水对其进行测试。在其制造过程中，还进行了热处理（在 60°C）和光辐射处理（使用紫外线）。使用不同的分析工具进行了表征。一般来说，能够验证所有膜都具有致密层。热分析允许定义工作温度低于 50°C。关于模拟废水的处理，所有膜都达到了 100%的选择性。对于盐水溶液，平均选择性约为 98.5%。此外，渗透通量值在商业膜的范围内（1.6 至 2.4 kg m h）。尽管对于光辐照膜发生了光接枝反应，但在所有膜中，未经任何处理的共混膜与其他膜相比表现出模拟废水中最高的渗透通量。最后，结果表明这些膜能够从纺织工艺中回收废水，并且通过渗透蒸发过程具有去除水中盐分的潜力。尚未对基于聚砜/聚氨酯的膜进行评估用于废水回收。膜特性的变化导致渗透通量发生变化。由于光引发反应，膜的物理化学性质发生变化。活性黑染料的去除效率达到 100%，氯化钠的去除效率达到 98.5%。一种新的渗透蒸发方法用于回收水溶液。
