Havrlentová Michaela, Gregusová Veronika, Šliková Svetlana, Nemeček Peter, Hudcovicová Martina, Kuzmová Dominika
Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia.
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Dec 15;9(12):1776. doi: 10.3390/plants9121776.
In human nutrition, oats ( L.) are mainly used for their dietary fiber, β-D-glucans and protein content. The content of β-D-glucans in oat grain is 2-7% and is influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors. High levels of this cell walls polysaccharide are observed in naked grains of cultivated oat. It the work, the relationship between the content of β-D-glucans in oat grain and the infection with () and () was analyzed. The hypothesis was that oats with higher content of β-D-glucans are better protected and the manifestation of artificial inoculation with strains is weaker. In the 22 oat samples analyzed, the content of β-D-glucans was 0.71-5.06%. In controls, the average content was 2.15% for hulled and 3.25% for naked grains of cultivated oats. After the infection, a decrease was observed in all, naked, hulled and wild oats. As an evidence of lower rate of infection, statistically significant lower percentage of pathogen DNA (0.39%) and less deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin ( infection 10.66 mg/kg and 4.92 mg/kg) were observed in naked grains compared to hulled where the level of pathogen DNA was 2.09% and the average DON level was 21.95 mg/kg () and 5.52 mg/kg ().
在人类营养方面，燕麦主要因其膳食纤维、β - D - 葡聚糖和蛋白质含量而被利用。燕麦籽粒中β - D - 葡聚糖的含量为2 - 7%，且受遗传和/或环境因素影响。在栽培燕麦的裸粒中观察到这种细胞壁多糖含量较高。在这项研究中，分析了燕麦籽粒中β - D - 葡聚糖含量与感染禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）和黄色镰刀菌（Fusarium culmorum）之间的关系。假设是β - D - 葡聚糖含量较高的燕麦受到更好的保护，用这些菌株进行人工接种的表现较弱。在分析的22个燕麦样本中，β - D - 葡聚糖的含量为0.71 - 5.06%。在对照中，栽培燕麦的带壳籽粒平均含量为2.15%，裸粒平均含量为3.25%。感染后，所有燕麦，包括裸粒、带壳和野生燕麦，β - D - 葡聚糖含量均下降。作为感染率较低的证据，与带壳燕麦相比，裸粒燕麦中病原菌DNA的百分比显著较低（0.39%），脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）霉菌毒素含量也较低（禾谷镰刀菌感染时为10.66 mg/kg，黄色镰刀菌感染时为4.92 mg/kg），而带壳燕麦中病原菌DNA水平为2.09%，DON平均水平为21.95 mg/kg（禾谷镰刀菌感染）和5.52 mg/kg（黄色镰刀菌感染）。
