Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland.
Ecology of Noxious and Beneficial Organisms, Agroscope, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland.
Toxins (Basel). 2018 Jan 20;10(1):47. doi: 10.3390/toxins10010047.
Recent increases of Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease caused by infections with (FP) and (FL) have been observed in oats. These pathogens are producers of nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2 toxin (T-2/HT-2), respectively, which are now considered major issues for cereal food and feed safety. To date, the impact of FP and FL on oat grains has not yet been identified, and little is known about oat resistance elements against these pathogens. In the present study, the impact of FL and FP on oat grains was assessed under different environmental conditions in field experiments with artificial inoculations. The severity of FP and FL infection on grains were compared across three field sites, and the resistance against NIV and T-2/HT2 accumulation was assessed for seven oat genotypes. Grain weight, β-glucan content, and protein content were compared between infected and non-infected grains. Analyses of grain infection showed that FL was able to cause infection on the grain only in the field site with the highest relative humidity, whereas FP infected grains in all field sites. The FP infection of grains resulted in NIV contamination (between 30-500 μg/kg). The concentration of NIV in grains was not conditioned by environmental conditions. FL provoked an average contamination of grains with T-2/HT-2 (between 15-132 μg/kg). None of the genotypes was able to fully avoid toxin accumulation. The general resistance of oat grains against toxin accumulation was weak, and resistance against NIV accumulation was strongly impacted by the interaction between the genotype and the environment. Only the genotype with hull-less grains showed partial resistance to both NIV and T-2/HT-2 contamination. FP and FL infections could change the β-glucan content in grains, depending on the genotypes and environmental conditions. FP and FL did not have a significant impact on the thousand kernel weight (TKW) and protein content. Hence, resistance against toxin accumulation remains the only indicator of FHB resistance in oat. Our results highlight the need for new oat genotypes with enhanced resistance against both NIV and T-2/HT-2 to ensure food and feed safety.
近年来，燕麦感染禾谷镰刀菌（ Fusarium head blight，FHB）引起的病害（FP）和（FL）有所增加。这些病原体分别是雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）和 T-2/HT-2 毒素（T-2/HT-2）的产生者，它们现在被认为是谷物食品和饲料安全的主要问题。迄今为止，FP 和 FL 对燕麦谷物的影响尚未确定，并且对这些病原体的燕麦抗性元素知之甚少。在本研究中，在田间人工接种试验中，根据不同的环境条件评估了 FL 和 FP 对燕麦谷物的影响。比较了三个田间地点的 FP 和 FL 感染的严重程度，并评估了七个燕麦基因型对 NIV 和 T-2/HT2 积累的抗性。比较了感染和未感染谷物之间的谷物重量、β-葡聚糖含量和蛋白质含量。对谷物感染的分析表明，FL 仅在相对湿度最高的田间地点能够对谷物造成感染，而 FP 则在所有田间地点感染谷物。FP 对谷物的感染导致 NIV 污染（30-500μg/kg 之间）。NIV 在谷物中的浓度不受环境条件的影响。FL 导致谷物平均受到 T-2/HT-2 的污染（15-132μg/kg 之间）。没有一个基因型能够完全避免毒素积累。燕麦谷物对毒素积累的一般抗性较弱，而对 NIV 积累的抗性受基因型和环境之间的相互作用影响较大。只有无壳谷物的基因型对 NIV 和 T-2/HT-2 的污染表现出部分抗性。FP 和 FL 感染可以根据基因型和环境条件改变谷物中的β-葡聚糖含量。FP 和 FL 对千粒重（TKW）和蛋白质含量没有显著影响。因此，对毒素积累的抗性仍然是燕麦 FHB 抗性的唯一指标。我们的结果强调了需要具有增强的对 NIV 和 T-2/HT-2 抗性的新型燕麦基因型，以确保食品和饲料安全。
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