Abián Pablo, Martínez Fernando, Jiménez Fernando, Abián-Vicén Javier
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 15;17(24):9410. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249410.
The purpose was to examine the effect of 6-week eccentric single-leg decline squat (SLDSe) training with two technical execution times (3 s or 6 s) on changes related to the structural properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) and patellar tendon (PT). Thirty-six physical active volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG, = 13, age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years, no intervention program), experimental group 1 (EG1, = 11, age = 21.6 ± 2.5 years, execution time = 6 s) and experimental group 2 (EG2, = 12, 21.1 ± 1.2 years, execution time = 3 s). Participants completed a 6-week SLDSe training program (80% of 1-RM) three days a week. The structural characteristics of the VL and the PT were measured with ultrasonography before and after 6-week SLDSe training and after 6 weeks of de-training. Our results indicate that EG1 increased ≈21.8% the thickness of the PT and EG2 increased ≈15.7% the thickness of the VL after the 6-week intervention program. EG1 and EG2 showed greater values ( < 0.05) of lean mass and lower values ( < 0.05) of fat percentage on the thigh after the intervention program. In conclusion, the SLDSe training carried out with the execution time of 6 s had greater effects on the structural and elastic properties of the PT, and the exercise with the execution time of 3 s caused greater structural adaptations in the VL musculature.
目的是研究为期6周的离心单腿下蹲（SLDSe）训练，采用两种技术执行时间（3秒或6秒），对股外侧肌（VL）和髌腱（PT）结构特性相关变化的影响。36名身体活跃的志愿者被随机分为三组：对照组（CG，n = 13，年龄 = 20.8 ± 1.9岁，无干预计划）、实验组1（EG1，n = 11，年龄 = 21.6 ± 2.5岁，执行时间 = 6秒）和实验组2（EG2，n = 12，21.1 ± 1.2岁，执行时间 = 3秒）。参与者每周三天完成为期6周的SLDSe训练计划（1-RM的80%）。在6周的SLDSe训练前后以及6周停训后，用超声测量VL和PT的结构特征。我们的结果表明，在为期6周的干预计划后，EG1组髌腱厚度增加了约21.8%，EG2组股外侧肌厚度增加了约15.7%。干预计划后，EG1组和EG2组大腿的瘦体重值更高（P < 0.05），脂肪百分比值更低（P < 0.05）。总之，执行时间为6秒的SLDSe训练对髌腱的结构和弹性特性有更大影响，而执行时间为3秒的运动在股外侧肌肌肉组织中引起了更大的结构适应性变化。
