Pennsylvania State University, Altoona College, Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States.
Percept Mot Skills. 2021 Apr;128(2):900-911. doi: 10.1177/0031512520981237. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether enhancing success expectation by providing relatively easy criteria for success would, in turn, enhance motor learning outcomes. Thirty university student participants threw soft-golf balls towards a circular target, using their non-dominant arm; they performed seven blocks of 12 trials from a distance of 5.5 meters on Day 1, and one block of 12 trials on separate retention and transfer tests on Day 2. After the first block on Day 1, participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups in which they practiced the remaining six blocks of 12 trials: (a) one with relatively easy success (RES) criteria or (b) one with difficult success (DS) criteria. After the practice, we administered a perceived competence scale, a sub-scale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). On Day 2, participants in the RES group outperformed those in the DS group on both the retention and transfer tests, showing enhanced motor learning. The RES group also self-reported higher perceived competence than the DS group, indicating that the mechanism for benefiting from easier success criteria may have been an alteration in participants' perceived competence.
本研究旨在考察通过提供相对容易的成功标准来增强成功期望，是否会反过来增强运动学习效果。30 名大学生使用非优势手臂将软高尔夫球投向圆形目标；他们在第 1 天从 5.5 米的距离进行了 7 个 12 次试验的块，在第 2 天进行了单独的保留和转移测试进行了一个 12 次试验的块。在第 1 天的第一块之后，参与者被随机分配到两个组中的一个，他们在剩余的 6 个 12 次试验块中进行练习：（a）一个具有相对容易的成功（RES）标准的组或（b）一个具有困难成功（DS）标准的组。练习后，我们使用内在动机量表（IMI）的一个子量表进行了感知能力量表测试。在第 2 天，RES 组在保留和转移测试中的表现均优于 DS 组，表现出增强的运动学习效果。RES 组还自我报告了比 DS 组更高的感知能力，表明受益于更容易的成功标准的机制可能是参与者感知能力的改变。
