Szańkowski Piotr, Cywiński Łukasz
Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 17;10(1):22189. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78079-7.
We analyze the conditions under which the dynamics of a quantum system open to a given environment can be simulated with an external noisy field that is a surrogate for the environmental degrees of freedom. We show that such a field is either a subjective or an objective surrogate; the former is capable of simulating the dynamics only for the specific system-environment arrangement, while the latter is an universal simulator for any system interacting with the given environment. Consequently, whether the objective surrogate field exists and what are its properties is determined exclusively by the environment. Thus, we are able to formulate the sufficient criterion for the environment to facilitate its surrogate, and we identify a number of environment types that satisfy it. Finally, we discuss in what sense the objective surrogate field representation can be considered classical and we explain its relation to the formation of system-environment entanglement, and the back-action exerted by the system onto environment.
我们分析了在何种条件下，一个与给定环境相互作用的量子系统的动力学可以用一个外部噪声场来模拟，该噪声场是环境自由度的替代物。我们表明，这样的场要么是主观替代物，要么是客观替代物；前者仅能针对特定的系统 - 环境组合来模拟动力学，而后者是与给定环境相互作用的任何系统的通用模拟器。因此，客观替代场是否存在及其性质完全由环境决定。由此，我们能够为环境促进其替代物的存在制定充分标准，并识别出一些满足该标准的环境类型。最后，我们讨论在何种意义上客观替代场的表示可以被视为经典的，并解释它与系统 - 环境纠缠的形成以及系统对环境的反作用之间的关系。
