Ingredient Functionality During Foam-Type Cake Making: A Review.

Foam-type cakes are complex food systems. Their main ingredients are wheat flour, hen eggs, sugar, leavening agent, and, in some cases, oil and/or surfactants. In contrast to the vast amount of research outcomes on the contribution of ingredients to the quality of batter-type cake systems, information on the functionality and importance of the ingredients and their constituents in foam-type cake systems is lacking. This review defines foam-type cakes, describes how they are made, summarizes the current knowledge of factors determining their quality, and identifies the current knowledge gaps.