Oey Sergio B, van der Fels-Klerx H J, Fogliano Vincenzo, van Leeuwen Stefan P J
RIKILT-Wageningen Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Food Quality and Design, Wageningen Univ., P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2019 Mar;18(2):349-361. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12415. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
The refining of vegetable oils leads to the formation of 2- and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (2- and 3-MCPD-E), and glycidyl esters (Gly-E). A literature review was performed aiming to provide up-to-date knowledge on mitigation strategies during oil refining that can reduce the formation of these three processing contaminants. The review used the database Scopus and covered the period from 2009 to 2017. Most of the 18 papers dealt with palm oil and two papers with vegetable oil. Most studies focused on 3-MCPD-E, some on Gly-E, and none on 2-MCPD-E. Water degumming was able to reduce the concentrations of 3-MCPD-E by 84% and Gly-E by 26%. Neutralization of the oil reduced concentrations of 3-MCPD-E by 81% and Gly-E by 84%. Bleaching with synthetic magnesium silicate reduced the 3-MCPD-E concentration by 67%. For the deodorization step, several mitigation strategies, such as double-deodorization, the addition of various antioxidants, or a longer deodorization time, can reduce the formations of 3-MCPD-E by 82% and Gly-E by 78%. Postrefining mitigation, including the use of absorbents, enzymes, or rebleaching of the oil, has also been reported to produce desirable contaminant reduction. Postrefining treatment with calcinated zeolite was able to reduce the 3-MCPD-E concentration by 19% and the Gly-E concentration by 77%. Applying combined mitigation strategies to multiple steps of oil refining is likely crucial in order to adequately reduce levels of 3-MCPD-E and Gly-E.
植物油精炼会导致形成2-和3-单氯丙烷-1,2-二醇酯（2-和3-MCPD-E）以及缩水甘油酯（Gly-E）。开展了一项文献综述，旨在提供有关炼油过程中可减少这三种加工污染物形成的缓解策略的最新知识。该综述使用了Scopus数据库，涵盖2009年至2017年期间。18篇论文中的大多数涉及棕榈油，两篇涉及植物油。大多数研究聚焦于3-MCPD-E，一些研究关注Gly-E，而没有研究涉及2-MCPD-E。水脱胶能够使3-MCPD-E的浓度降低84%，Gly-E的浓度降低26%。油的中和使3-MCPD-E的浓度降低81%，Gly-E的浓度降低84%。用合成硅酸镁进行脱色使3-MCPD-E的浓度降低67%。对于脱臭步骤，几种缓解策略，如二次脱臭、添加各种抗氧化剂或延长脱臭时间，可使3-MCPD-E的形成减少82%，Gly-E的形成减少78%。据报道，精炼后缓解措施，包括使用吸附剂、酶或对油进行再次脱色，也能实现理想的污染物减少效果。用煅烧沸石进行精炼后处理能够使3-MCPD-E的浓度降低19%，Gly-E的浓度降低77%。为了充分降低3-MCPD-E和Gly-E的水平，在植物油精炼的多个步骤中应用联合缓解策略可能至关重要。
