Wieland Ulrike, Kreuter Alexander
Institut für Virologie, Nationales Referenzzentrum für Papillom- und Polyomaviren, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland.
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Josefstr. 3, 46045, Oberhausen, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2021 Feb;72(2):106-113. doi: 10.1007/s00105-020-04739-4. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections belong to the most frequent viral infections. Besides benign common warts and benign and malignant lesions of the head and neck area, HPV can induce anogenital dysplasias and cancers. Since the year 2007, effective and safe prophylactic HPV vaccines are licensed in Europe. To date, a bivalent (HPV16 and 18) and a nonavalent HPV vaccine (HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) are commercially available in Germany. The German standing committee on vaccination (STIKO) currently recommends gender-neutral prophylactic HPV-vaccination between 9 and 14 years of age, with the possibility of catch-up vaccination until the age of 17 years. Besides a large proportion of HPV-induced anogenital dysplasias and carcinomas, the nonavalent HPV vaccine also prevents anogenital warts. Iatrogenically immunocompromised patients older than 17 years of age should also receive prophylactic HPV vaccination, preferrably by the age of 26 years. In case of already acquired HPV infection or existing HPV-induced lesions prophylactic vaccination does not lead to accelerated HPV elimination or clearance of lesions.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是最常见的病毒感染之一。除了良性寻常疣以及头颈部的良性和恶性病变外，HPV还可诱发肛门生殖器发育异常和癌症。自2007年起，欧洲已批准了有效且安全的预防性HPV疫苗。目前在德国市场上有二价（HPV16和18）和九价HPV疫苗（HPV6、11、16、18、31、33、45、52和58）可供销售。德国疫苗接种常设委员会（STIKO）目前建议在9至14岁之间进行不分性别的预防性HPV疫苗接种，17岁之前都有可能进行补种。除了很大一部分由HPV引起的肛门生殖器发育异常和癌症外，九价HPV疫苗还可预防肛门生殖器疣。17岁以上医源性免疫功能低下的患者也应接种预防性HPV疫苗，最好在26岁之前接种。如果已经感染了HPV或存在HPV引起的病变，预防性疫苗接种不会加速HPV的清除或病变的消退。
