Kalininskaya A A, Bayanova N A, Muftahova A V, Sulkina F A, Rassoha D V
N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, 105064, Moscow, Russia,
The Federal State Budget Institution «The Central Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics» of Minzdrav of Russia, 127254, Moscow, Russia.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2020 Nov;28(6):1247-1251. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-6-1247-1251.
The demographic processes significantly affect society demographic burden. The geopolitical position of Russia with predominance of rural territories determines the need in developing specific model of medical and demographic policy in rural territories. The situation with population health and health care support in rural areas remains difficult due to the prevailing demographic, economic, territorial, medical, social and organizational and managerial factors of rural life.
To develop proposals improving health care in rural areas based on results of analysis of medical and demographic indices of incidence and accessibility of medical care to rural residents.
statistical, direct observation, analytical.
The current medical and demographic situation in the country determined the output of Law No. 350-FZ on raising the retirement age in Russia, which was signed on October 3, 2018 by Vladimir Putin. Increasing the retirement age requires development of set of measures protecting population health of pre-retirement age. The article presents analysis of urban and rural population health in the Russian Federation in age-gender dependence (the younger than able-bodied, the able-bodied and the older than able-bodied groups of population). A comparative analysis of medical and demographic indices of urban and rural population in dynamics in 2005-2018 is presented. The article also presents analysis of total and primary morbidity of total urban and rural population in the Russian Federation according classes of diseases (2018) and in dynamics (2010-2018). It is established that decreasing of indices of general and primary morbidity is the result of reduced detection, deterioration of preventive and dispensary activities in rural areas and limited availability of medical care in rural settlements. The need for medical and social care of the able-bodied human potential in rural areas and the development of programs for their health conservation is substantiated. To overcome aftermaths of demographic crisis in rural areas, it is necessary to modernize demographic and economic policy in rural areas. The tasks of the municipal and Federal authorities are to provide not only declarative «program» support, but also tangible resources, as well as practices to implement strategic tasks in rural areas. The article presents proposals for overcoming the medical and demographic crisis in rural areas.
人口过程对社会人口负担有重大影响。俄罗斯以农村地区为主的地缘政治地位决定了有必要制定农村地区医疗和人口政策的特定模式。由于农村生活中普遍存在的人口、经济、地域、医疗、社会以及组织和管理等因素，农村地区的人口健康和医疗保健支持状况仍然严峻。
根据对农村居民发病率和医疗可及性的医学和人口指标分析结果，提出改善农村地区医疗保健的建议。
统计、直接观察、分析。
该国当前的医学和人口状况促使弗拉基米尔·普京于2018年10月3日签署了第350-FZ号关于提高俄罗斯退休年龄的法律。提高退休年龄需要制定一系列保护退休前年龄人群健康的措施。本文分析了俄罗斯联邦城乡人口健康在年龄-性别方面的依赖性（低于劳动年龄、劳动年龄和高于劳动年龄的人口群体）。呈现了2005 - 2018年期间城乡人口医学和人口指标的动态比较分析。本文还根据疾病类别（2018年）和动态情况（2010 - 2018年）分析了俄罗斯联邦城乡总人口的总发病率和初级发病率。已确定总体发病率和初级发病率指标的下降是农村地区检测率降低、预防和门诊活动恶化以及农村居民点医疗服务可及性有限的结果。论证了农村地区对有劳动能力的人力潜力进行医疗和社会护理以及制定其健康保护计划的必要性。为克服农村地区人口危机的后果，有必要使农村地区的人口和经济政策现代化。市和联邦当局的任务不仅是提供声明性的“计划”支持，还应提供切实的资源以及在农村地区实施战略任务的实践方法。本文提出了克服农村地区医学和人口危机的建议。
