UOC Neurologic Clinic, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
UOC Neurologic Clinic, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Neuropsychologia. 2021 Jan 22;151:107727. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107727. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
How do we choose words, and what affects the selection of a specific term? Naming tests such as the DO80 are frequently used to assess language function during brain mapping in awake surgery. The present study aimed to explore whether specific semantic errors become more probable under the stimulation of specific brain areas. Moreover, it meant to determine whether specific semantic characteristics of the items may evoke specific types of error. A corpus-based qualitative semantic analysis of the DO80 items, and the emitted naming errors to those items during direct cortical electrostimulation (DCE) revealed that the number of hyperonyms (i.e. 'vehicle' for car') of an item predicted the emission of a synonym ('automobile' for 'car'). This association occurred mainly in frontal tumor patients, which was corroborated by behavior to lesion analyses. In contrast, the emission of co-hyponyms was associated with tumors located in temporal areas. These two behavior-lesion associations thus dissociated, and were also dependent on item semantic characteristics. Co-hyponym errors might generate from the disruption in a temporal semantic-to-lexical process, and the production of synonyms could be the result of an impairment in a frontal lexical-selection mechanism. A hypothesis on the lexical selection mechanisms exerted by the inferior frontal gyrus is proposed. Crucially, the present data suggest the need for more restrictive naming tasks, with items conditioned by tumor location.
我们如何选择词汇，以及哪些因素会影响特定术语的选择？命名测试，如 DO80，常用于评估在清醒手术中的脑映射期间的语言功能。本研究旨在探索在特定脑区刺激下，是否会出现特定的语义错误。此外，还旨在确定项目的特定语义特征是否可能引发特定类型的错误。对 DO80 项目进行基于语料库的定性语义分析，以及在直接皮质电刺激（DCE）期间对这些项目发出的命名错误表明，项目的上位词（即“车辆”对应“汽车”）的数量预测了同义词（“汽车”对应“汽车”）的出现。这种关联主要发生在额叶肿瘤患者中，行为与病变分析对此进行了证实。相比之下，下位词的出现与位于颞区的肿瘤有关。这两个行为-病变的关联因此分开了，并且还取决于项目的语义特征。下位词错误可能是由于颞叶语义到词汇过程的中断而产生的，而同义词的产生可能是额叶词汇选择机制受损的结果。提出了一个关于下额叶执行的词汇选择机制的假设。至关重要的是，目前的数据表明需要更具限制性的命名任务，这些任务的项目要根据肿瘤位置进行条件限制。
