Han Yamin, Byun Heejung, Zhang Liangliang
Department of Computer Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea.
Department of Information and Technology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Dec 16;20(24):7217. doi: 10.3390/s20247217.
Prolonging the network lifetime is one of the fundamental requirements in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Sensor node clustering is a very popular energy conservation strategy in WSNs, allowing to achieve energy efficiency, low latency, and scalability. According to this strategy, sensor nodes are grouped into several clusters, and one sensor node in each cluster is assigned to be a cluster head (CH). The responsibility of each CH is to aggregate data from the other sensor nodes within its cluster and send these data to the sink. However, the distribution of sensor nodes in the sensing region is often non-uniform, which may lead to an unbalanced number of sensor nodes between clusters and thus unbalanced energy consumption between CHs. This, in turn, may result in a reduced network lifetime. Furthermore, a different number of clusters lead to a different quality of service of a WSN system. To address the problems of unbalanced number of sensor nodes between clusters and selecting an optimal number of clusters, this study proposes an energy-balanced cluster-routing protocol (EBCRP) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) with five mutation operators for WSNs. The five mutation operators are specially proposed to improve the performance of PSO in optimizing sensor node clustering. A rotation CH selection scheme based on the highest residual energy is used to dynamically select a CH for each cluster in each round. Simulation results show that the proposed EBCRP method performs well in balancing energy consumption and prolonging the network lifetime.
延长网络寿命是无线传感器网络（WSN）的基本要求之一。传感器节点聚类是WSN中一种非常流行的节能策略，能够实现能源效率、低延迟和可扩展性。根据该策略，传感器节点被分组为几个簇，每个簇中的一个传感器节点被指定为簇头（CH）。每个CH的职责是聚合其簇内其他传感器节点的数据，并将这些数据发送到汇聚节点。然而，传感区域中传感器节点的分布通常是不均匀的，这可能导致簇间传感器节点数量不均衡，从而导致CH之间的能量消耗不均衡。反过来，这可能会缩短网络寿命。此外，不同数量的簇会导致WSN系统的服务质量不同。为了解决簇间传感器节点数量不均衡以及选择最优簇数量的问题，本研究提出了一种基于粒子群优化（PSO）的能量平衡簇路由协议（EBCRP），该协议带有五个变异算子用于WSN。这五个变异算子是专门为提高PSO在优化传感器节点聚类方面的性能而提出的。基于最高剩余能量的旋转CH选择方案用于在每一轮中为每个簇动态选择一个CH。仿真结果表明，所提出的EBCRP方法在平衡能量消耗和延长网络寿命方面表现良好。
