Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Feb;47:100896. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100896. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
Reward and punishment processing are subject to substantial developmental changes during youth. However, little is known about the neurophysiological correlates that are associated with these developmental changes, particularly with regard to both anticipatory and outcome processing stages. Thus, the aim of this study was to address this research gap in a sample of typically developing children and adolescents. Fifty-four children and adolescents (8-18 years) performed a Monetary Incentive Delay Task comprising a monetary reward and punishment condition. Using event-related brain potential recordings, the cue-P3 and the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) were analyzed during the anticipation phase, while the Reward Positivity and the feedback-P3 were analyzed during the outcome phase. When anticipating monetary loss or no gain, SPN amplitude in the right hemisphere decreased with age. Moreover, exploratory analyses revealed a decrease in feedback-P3 amplitudes in response to monetary loss with increasing age. No other group differences were observed. Age-related changes in the SPN and fP3 component suggest that sensitivity to negative outcomes decreases from childhood to late adolescence, supporting the notion that adolescence is associated with reduced harm-avoidance. Longitudinal research including young adults is needed to substantiate our findings and its clinical implications regarding disturbed developmental trajectories in psychiatric populations.
奖惩处理在青少年时期会发生实质性的发展变化。然而，对于与这些发展变化相关的神经生理相关性，人们知之甚少，特别是对于预期和结果处理阶段。因此，本研究的目的是在典型的发展中儿童和青少年样本中解决这一研究空白。54 名儿童和青少年（8-18 岁）完成了一项包含货币奖励和惩罚条件的货币激励延迟任务。使用事件相关脑电位记录，在预期阶段分析了线索 P3 和刺激前负性（SPN），而在结果阶段分析了奖励正性和反馈 P3。当预期货币损失或没有收益时，右半球的 SPN 振幅随年龄的增长而减小。此外，探索性分析显示，随着年龄的增长，对货币损失的反馈 P3 幅度减小。没有观察到其他组间差异。SPN 和 fP3 成分的年龄相关变化表明，对负面结果的敏感性从儿童期到青春期后期降低，这支持了青春期与减少回避伤害有关的观点。需要进行包括年轻人在内的纵向研究，以证实我们的发现及其关于精神疾病人群发育轨迹紊乱的临床意义。
