Golden G S
Child Development Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38105.
Pediatr Neurol. 1986 Jul-Aug;2(4):189-92. doi: 10.1016/0887-8994(86)90045-7.
In spite of new information relevant to the clinical and biological features of Tourette syndrome, areas of controversy still exist. A genetic substrate is present in at least some affected families; there also is clearly a genetic relationship between Tourette syndrome and chronic motor tic disorder. Patients with Tourette syndrome have an increased incidence of behavior problems, attention deficit disorder, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Treatment of the attention deficit disorder with psychostimulant drugs will exacerbate tics in some patients. Haloperidol remains the most consistently useful therapeutic agent. Pimozide and clonidine also may be useful, but further work is required before standard treatment protocols can be developed. The disorder most likely results from dysfunction of dopaminergic systems.
尽管有了与抽动秽语综合征临床和生物学特征相关的新信息，但争议领域依然存在。至少在一些受影响的家族中存在遗传基础；抽动秽语综合征与慢性运动性抽动障碍之间也显然存在遗传关系。抽动秽语综合征患者出现行为问题、注意力缺陷障碍和强迫症状的几率增加。用精神兴奋药物治疗注意力缺陷障碍会使一些患者的抽动症状加重。氟哌啶醇仍然是最持续有效的治疗药物。匹莫齐特和可乐定可能也有用，但在制定标准治疗方案之前还需要进一步研究。这种疾病很可能是由多巴胺能系统功能障碍引起的。
