Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Center of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTU, Hyderabad 500085, India.
Molecules. 2020 Dec 17;25(24):5978. doi: 10.3390/molecules25245978.
Epoxy resins (EP) have been used as a thermos-setting material in the field of coating, casting, bonding agent, and laminating. However, a major drawback associated with its use is the lack of good flaming properties, and it is responsible for heavy smoke along with hazardous gases considerably limiting its uses in various fields. In this study, -ethanolamine triazine-piperizine, a melamine polymer (ETPMP), was established as a new charring-foaming agent and was successfully synthesized with ethanolamine, piperizine, cyanuric chloride, and melamine as precursor molecules via the nucleophilic substitution reaction method. Elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis were applied to approve the synthesis of ETPMP and confirmation of its structure and characterization. The epoxy coating of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was equipped by introducing ETPMP, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and copper oxide (CuO) in multiple composition ratios. CuO was loaded at various amounts into the IFR-coating system as a synergistic agent. The synergistic action of CuO on IFR coatings was scientifically examined by using different analytical tests such as vertical burning test (UL-94V), limited oxygen index (LOI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that small changes in the amount of CuO expressively amplified the LOI results and enhanced the V-0 ratings in the UL-94V test. The TGA data clearly demonstrate that the inclusion of CuO can transform the thermal deprivation behavior of coatings with a growing char slag proportion with elevated temperatures. Information from cone calorimeter data affirmed that CuO can decrease the burning factors by total heat release (THR) together with peak heat release rate (PHRR). The SEM images indicated that CuO can enrich the power and compression of the intumescent char that restricts the movement of heat and oxygen. Our results demonstrate a positive influence of CuO on the epoxy-headed intumescent flame retardant coatings.
环氧树脂（EP）已被用作涂料、铸造、粘结剂和层压材料中的热固性材料。然而，其使用的一个主要缺点是缺乏良好的阻燃性能，它会产生大量浓烟并释放危险气体，这极大地限制了它在各个领域的应用。在这项研究中，-乙醇胺三嗪-哌嗪，一种三聚氰胺聚合物（ETPMP），被确立为一种新型的碳化发泡剂，并成功地通过亲核取代反应方法，用乙醇胺、哌嗪、三聚氯氰和三聚氰胺作为前体分子合成。元素分析和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱分析用于证明 ETPMP 的合成以及其结构和特征的确认。通过在多个组成比例下引入 ETPMP、磷酸铵（APP）和氧化铜（CuO），在环氧涂层中配备了膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）。将氧化铜以不同的量负载到 IFR 涂层系统中作为协同剂。通过使用不同的分析测试，如垂直燃烧测试（UL-94V）、极限氧指数（LOI）、热重分析（TGA）、锥形量热计和扫描电子显微镜（SEM），科学地研究了氧化铜对 IFR 涂层的协同作用。结果表明，氧化铜用量的微小变化显著提高了 LOI 结果，并增强了 UL-94V 测试中的 V-0 等级。TGA 数据清楚地表明，随着温度的升高，氧化铜的加入可以改变涂层的热剥夺行为，增加炭渣的比例。来自锥形量热计数据的信息证实，氧化铜可以通过总热释放（THR）和峰值热释放率（PHRR）共同降低燃烧因素。SEM 图像表明，氧化铜可以增强膨胀炭的强度和压缩性，限制热量和氧气的传递。我们的结果表明，氧化铜对环氧基膨胀型阻燃涂层有积极的影响。
