Reynés Bàrbara, Priego Teresa, Cifre Margalida, Oliver Paula, Palou Andreu
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Univ. de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.
CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2018 Jul;17(4):1006-1020. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12363. Epub 2018 May 30.
Gene expression profile of peripheral blood cells (PBC) is able to reflect useful aspects of the whole body metabolic status. Therefore, and favored by the huge development of "omic" technologies, blood cells and, particularly, the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction, are emerging as a potent source of transcriptomic biomarkers of health and disease. In this review we describe and discuss the available information concerning the use of the PBC and the PBMC fraction as a crucial tool for nutrigenomic studies. Results of these studies reveal, as these cells are good indicators of metabolic adaptations to diet and, moreover, as they allow us to monitor from early stages on, the metabolic alterations associated with dietary imbalances. In this way, blood cells present the capacity of reflecting higher risks of suffering from diet-related pathologies, such as obesity and its medical complications. What is more, different studies also show how PBMC are able to evidence the metabolic recovery associated with weight loss or dietary interventions. Besides, recent research points to the utility of ex vivo systems of blood cells to test the efficacy of food bioactives. All in all, PBC constitutes an easily obtainable source of predictive biomarkers of metabolic imbalance and disease related to diet and obesity, and also of metabolic recovery, which appears as highly relevant for developing nutritional preventive strategies in dietetics. Moreover, they could serve to perform relatively simple and economic in vitro tests to assess food bioactive compounds, promoting in this way functional food research and related industry developments.
外周血细胞（PBC）的基因表达谱能够反映全身代谢状态的有用信息。因此，在“组学”技术的巨大发展推动下，血细胞，特别是外周血单核细胞（PBMC）部分，正成为健康和疾病转录组学生物标志物的有力来源。在这篇综述中，我们描述并讨论了有关使用PBC和PBMC部分作为营养基因组学研究关键工具的现有信息。这些研究结果表明，由于这些细胞是饮食代谢适应性的良好指标，而且它们使我们能够从早期阶段开始监测与饮食失衡相关的代谢变化。通过这种方式，血细胞能够反映出患饮食相关疾病（如肥胖及其医学并发症）的更高风险。此外，不同的研究还表明PBMC能够证明与体重减轻或饮食干预相关的代谢恢复情况。此外，最近的研究指出血细胞的体外系统在测试食品生物活性成分功效方面的实用性。总而言之，PBC构成了一个易于获得的预测生物标志物来源，可用于预测与饮食和肥胖相关的代谢失衡和疾病，以及代谢恢复情况，这对于制定饮食学中的营养预防策略似乎高度相关。此外，它们可用于进行相对简单且经济的体外试验，以评估食品生物活性化合物，从而推动功能性食品研究和相关产业的发展。
