Guo Lichun, Katiyo Wendy, Lu Liushen, Zhang Xuan, Wang Mingming, Yan Jiai, Ma Xiaoyun, Yang Ruijin, Zou Long, Zhao Wei
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2018 Jul;17(4):905-919. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12353. Epub 2018 May 10.
Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is an important derivative of glycyrrhizin (GL) and has attracted considerable attention, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries, due to its natural high sweetness and strong biological activities. The biotransformation process is becoming an efficient route for GAMG production with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly process, and high production efficiency. Recent studies showed that several β-glucuronidases (β-GUS) are key GAMG-producing enzymes, displaying a high potential to convert GL directly into the more valuable GAMG and providing new insights into the generation of high-value compounds. This review provides details of the structural properties, health benefits, and potential applications of GAMG. The progress in the development of the biotransformation processes and fermentation strategies to improve the yield of GAMG is also discussed. This work further summarizes recent advances in the enzymatic synthesis of GAMG using β-GUS with emphasis on the physicochemical and biological properties, molecular modifications, and enzymatic strategies to improve β-GUS biocatalytic efficiencies. This information contributes to a better framework to explore production and application of bioactive GAMG.
甘草次酸3 - O - 单 - β - D - 葡萄糖醛酸苷（GAMG）是甘草酸（GL）的一种重要衍生物，因其天然的高甜度和强大的生物活性而备受关注，尤其是在食品和制药行业。生物转化过程正成为生产GAMG的有效途径，具有反应条件温和、环境友好和生产效率高的优点。最近的研究表明，几种β - 葡萄糖醛酸酶（β - GUS）是关键的GAMG产生酶，具有将GL直接转化为更有价值的GAMG的巨大潜力，并为高价值化合物的产生提供了新的见解。本综述详细介绍了GAMG的结构特性、健康益处和潜在应用。还讨论了提高GAMG产量的生物转化过程和发酵策略的发展进展。这项工作进一步总结了使用β - GUS酶促合成GAMG的最新进展，重点介绍了其物理化学和生物学特性、分子修饰以及提高β - GUS生物催化效率的酶促策略。这些信息有助于构建一个更好的框架来探索生物活性GAMG的生产和应用。
