Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nutr Rev. 2021 Nov 10;79(12):1293-1306. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa134.
Executive functions refer to a set of higher-order cognitive processes involved in the control and organization of information to serve goal-directed behaviors. Skills in executive functioning are developed throughout childhood and adolescence and have been shown to be predictive of academic achievement. The coordination of these complex processes is critically dependent on brain maturation and connectivity, including key neurodevelopmental processes like myelination and synaptogenesis. Among other factors, research highlights the influential effect of nutrition and diet on these neurodevelopmental processes, which may impact executive function performance in healthy and deficient populations. This review considers the research to date on the role of key nutrients that have been identified for executive function development and their underlying neurophysiological processes in school-aged children.
执行功能是指一组涉及信息控制和组织以服务于目标导向行为的高级认知过程。执行功能技能在儿童期和青春期得到发展，并已被证明可预测学业成绩。这些复杂过程的协调严重依赖于大脑成熟度和连通性，包括髓鞘形成和突触发生等关键神经发育过程。除其他因素外，研究强调了营养和饮食对这些神经发育过程的影响，这可能会影响健康和营养不足人群的执行功能表现。本综述考虑了迄今为止关于已确定的对执行功能发展有重要作用的关键营养素及其在学龄儿童中的神经生理过程的研究。
