State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2021 Jan;171:104725. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104725. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
Due to the extensive use of chemical insecticides, the field populations of Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious wheat pest worldwide, have developed resistance to insecticides. Therefore, deep understanding of the mechanisms of the aphid's physiological response to insecticides would be of importance for the management of insecticide resistance in pests. Takeout belongs to a protein superfamily found exclusively in insects. Previous research showed that the takeout gene had various functions in insect physiology and behavior. However, few studies have explored the functions of takeout in insect insecticide susceptibility. The susceptibility of R. padi to imidacloprid and beta-cypermethrin was tested. Thirteen takeout-like genes were identified based on the genome database of R. padi. The number of exons was variable in these takeout-like genes, and nine highly conserved amino acids (two Cysteine, two Proline, four Glycine and one Aspartic acid) were identified. Expression levels of takeout-like-2, takeout-like-3, takeout-like-5, takeout-like-8, takeout-like-10 and takeout-like-11 were significantly increased after imidacloprid treatment; seven genes (takeout-like-1, takeout-like-2, takeout-like-5, takeout-like-6, takeout-like-7, takeout-like-8 and takeout-like-11) tended to be upregulated after beta-cypermethrin treatment. RNA interference results showed that the mortalities of R. padi injected with dsTOL-2, dsTOL-5, dsTOL-8, dsTOL-10 and dsTOL-11 were significantly increased after exposure to imidacloprid in comparison with control (injection of dsGFP). Under two sublethal concentrations of beta-cypermethrin, the silencing of takeout-like-2, takeout-like-5 and takeout-like-11 significantly increased the mortalities of R. padi. These results provide evidence for the involvement of takeout-like genes in insecticide susceptibility of R. padi, which improves our understanding the determinant of insecticide susceptibility.
由于化学杀虫剂的广泛使用，全世界严重的麦类害虫禾谷缢管蚜的田间种群已对杀虫剂产生了抗性。因此，深入了解蚜虫对杀虫剂的生理反应机制对于害虫抗药性的管理具有重要意义。TOL 属于昆虫中特有的蛋白质超家族。先前的研究表明，TOL 基因在昆虫生理和行为中有多种功能。然而，很少有研究探讨 TOL 在昆虫对杀虫剂的敏感性中的作用。测试了禾谷缢管蚜对吡虫啉和β-氯氰菊酯的敏感性。根据禾谷缢管蚜的基因组数据库，鉴定了 13 个类 TOL 基因。这些类 TOL 基因的外显子数量不同，鉴定出 9 个高度保守的氨基酸（两个半胱氨酸、两个脯氨酸、四个甘氨酸和一个天冬氨酸）。在吡虫啉处理后，类 TOL-2、类 TOL-3、类 TOL-5、类 TOL-8、类 TOL-10 和类 TOL-11 的表达水平显著升高；在β-氯氰菊酯处理后，7 个基因（类 TOL-1、类 TOL-2、类 TOL-5、类 TOL-6、类 TOL-7、类 TOL-8 和类 TOL-11）倾向于上调。RNA 干扰结果表明，与对照（注射 dsGFP）相比，注射 dsTOL-2、dsTOL-5、dsTOL-8、dsTOL-10 和 dsTOL-11 的禾谷缢管蚜死亡率在接触吡虫啉后显著增加。在两种亚致死浓度的β-氯氰菊酯下，沉默类 TOL-2、类 TOL-5 和类 TOL-11 显著增加了禾谷缢管蚜的死亡率。这些结果为 TOL 样基因参与禾谷缢管蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性提供了证据，这提高了我们对杀虫剂敏感性决定因素的理解。
