Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2021 Jan;171:104734. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104734. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
Picolinafen, a phytoene desaturase-inhibiting herbicide, has been used since 2001 to control the growth of broadleaf weeds. Picolinafen has lower solubility and volatility, and shows lower toxicity to non-target insect species than other types of herbicide. Although picolinafen has been detected in lakes near urban environments and induces chronic toxicity in the mammals, birds, and some aquatic organisms, no study has investigated the toxicity or mode of action of picolinafen in zebrafish. In this study, we demonstrated the lethality and acute LC value of picolinafen towards zebrafish embryos. Picolinafen hampered the development of embryos by the induction of morphological abnormalities via apoptosis. Additionally, picolinafen suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species and angiogenesis. Also, the angiogenesis related genes, flt1 and flt4 mRNA expression was decreased in zebrafish embryos. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the developmental toxicity of picolinafen in vertebrates.
皮可啉酸，一种抑制八氢番茄红素脱氢酶的除草剂，自 2001 年以来一直被用于控制阔叶杂草的生长。皮可啉酸的溶解度和挥发性较低，对非靶标昆虫的毒性低于其他类型的除草剂。尽管皮可啉酸已在城市环境附近的湖泊中被检测到，并对哺乳动物、鸟类和一些水生生物产生慢性毒性，但没有研究调查皮可啉酸对斑马鱼的毒性或作用模式。在这项研究中，我们证明了皮可啉酸对斑马鱼胚胎的致死性和急性 LC 值。皮可啉酸通过诱导细胞凋亡导致胚胎形态异常，从而阻碍胚胎发育。此外，皮可啉酸抑制了活性氧和血管生成的产生。同样，斑马鱼胚胎中与血管生成相关的基因 flt1 和 flt4 mRNA 的表达也减少了。这项研究提供了对皮可啉酸在脊椎动物发育毒性的机制理解。
