United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, 1398 West Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, A, 02542, USA; Kansas State University, Department of Entomology, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA.
United Stated Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2021 Jan;171:104742. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104742. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
Long-lasting insecticide treated netting (LLIN) has a number of potential uses for the control of insect pests. Using such netting, stored products may be protected from insects including the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, Coleoptera: Dermestidae) a widespread pest of many agricultural commodities. Here we first examined whether brief exposures of larvae to LLIN, for less than 30 min, decreased the chance of eventual adult emergence compared to larvae exposed on untreated netting. Next, we observed the responses of larvae that were either not exposed to any netting, exposed to untreated netting, or exposed to LLIN for 10 min and then placed in a wind tunnel and monitored for movement toward a stimulus. The wind-tunnel assay was performed either with or without a lure containing kairomones and pheromones known to be attractive to larvae of this species. There was little effect of the LLIN on adult emergence of exposed larvae. However, there were interacting effects of untreated netting and LLIN relating to thigmotaxis and anemotaxis. Larvae not exposed to netting showed increased likelihood of walking upwind if the semiochemical lure was provided, as expected. A similar pattern was observed when the untreated netting was used, but the larvae became more likely to remain stationary in the assay after acclimating to the net. When LLIN was used, the larvae became more likely to move and there was a baseline increase in the likelihood of moving upwind. However, upwind walking was no longer related to semiochemical presentation. These observations suggest that particular care should be used in relation to the airflow patterns and semiochemical landscape of the warehouse settings in which LLIN is deployed.
长效杀虫剂处理蚊帐（LLIN）在防治害虫方面有许多潜在用途。使用这种蚊帐可以保护储存的产品免受昆虫侵害，包括谷斑皮蠹（Trogoderma granarium Everts，鞘翅目：皮蠹科），这是许多农业商品的一种广泛存在的害虫。在这里，我们首先检查了幼虫在 LLIN 上暴露不到 30 分钟，与在未处理的蚊帐上暴露相比，是否会降低最终成虫出现的机会。接下来，我们观察了未暴露于任何蚊帐、暴露于未处理的蚊帐或暴露于 LLIN 10 分钟然后放入风洞并监测其对刺激的运动反应的幼虫的反应。风洞试验在有或没有含有已知对该物种幼虫有吸引力的信息素和信息素引诱剂的诱饵的情况下进行。LLIN 对暴露幼虫的成虫出现几乎没有影响。然而，未处理的蚊帐和 LLIN 之间存在交互作用，与趋触性和趋风性有关。如果提供半化学引诱剂，未暴露于蚊帐的幼虫更有可能逆风行走，这是预期的。当使用未处理的蚊帐时，观察到了类似的模式，但在适应了蚊帐后，幼虫在试验中更有可能保持静止。当使用 LLIN 时，幼虫更有可能移动，并且逆风移动的可能性基线增加。然而，逆风行走不再与半化学呈现有关。这些观察结果表明，在部署 LLIN 的仓库环境中，应特别注意气流模式和半化学景观。
