Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA.
Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
Carbohydr Polym. 2021 Feb 15;254:117480. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117480. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
With the increasing demand for greener alternatives to fossil-derived products, research on cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) has rapidly expanded. The combination of nanoscale properties and sustainable attributes makes CNMs an asset in the quest for a sustainable society. However, challenges such as the hydrophilic nature of CNMs, their low compatibility with non-polar matrices and modest thermal stability, slow the development of end-uses. Combination of CNMs with amphiphilic lignin can improve the thermal stability, enhance the compatibility with non-polar matrices and, additionally, endow CNMs with new functionalities e.g., UV shielding or antioxidative properties. This article comprehensively reviews the different design strategies and their influence on properties and applications of CNMs containing lignin in various forms; either as residual lignin, added technical lignin, or nanoscale particles. The review focuses especially on the synergy created between CNMs and lignin, paving the way for new production routes and use of CNM/lignin materials in high-performance applications.
随着对化石衍生产品的绿色替代品的需求不断增加，对纤维素纳米材料（CNMs）的研究迅速扩展。纳米级特性和可持续属性的结合使 CNMs 成为追求可持续社会的宝贵资源。然而，CNMs 的亲水性、与非极性基质的低兼容性以及适中的热稳定性等挑战，减缓了其最终用途的发展。将 CNMs 与两亲木质素结合可以提高热稳定性、增强与非极性基质的兼容性，并为 CNMs 赋予新的功能，例如紫外线屏蔽或抗氧化性能。本文全面综述了不同的设计策略及其对以不同形式存在的含木质素的 CNMs 的性能和应用的影响，这些形式包括残余木质素、添加的技术木质素或纳米级颗粒。本综述特别关注 CNMs 和木质素之间产生的协同作用，为新型生产路线和高性能应用中使用 CNM/木质素材料铺平了道路。
