Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Mar;104(3):3144-3157. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17635. Epub 2020 Dec 25.
To assess the economic importance of breeding traits, economic values (EV) were derived for 3 German dairy cattle breeds: German Holstein (HOL), Angler (ANG), and Red and White Dual-Purpose (RDN). For that purpose, the stochastic bio-economic model SimHerd (SimHerd A/S, Viborg, Denmark) was used, which simulates the expected monetary gain in dairy herds. The EV was calculated as the alteration in average net return of the herd responding to a marginal change in the trait of interest. When deriving EV using SimHerd, economic consequences resulting from changes in the age structure of a dairy herd (i.e., structural herd effects) are considered. However, this requires the simulation of relationships between traits in the bio-economic model. To avoid double counting, the EV of a trait was corrected for effects from alterations in correlated traits using multiple regression analysis. The EV were derived for 23 traits in terms of production, conformation and workability, dairy health, calf survival, and reproduction performance. Furthermore, the relative economic importance of the breeding traits was calculated. Relative emphasis on production was between 39.9 and 44.4% in the breeds studied. Total costs per case of ketosis and metritis ranged from €167 to €196 and €173 to €182, respectively. Highest marginal EV of direct health traits were found for mastitis (€257 to €271 per case) and lameness (€270 to €310 per case). Consequently, relative emphasis on direct health traits was between 15.7 and 17.9%. The EV of reproduction performance showed largest differences among the cattle breeds. Overall relative emphasis on reproduction was 10.5% in HOL, 10.8% in ANG, and 6.5% in RDN. The relative economic importance of cow mortality ranged from 15.5 to 16.0% across the breeds. Collectively, the study showed the high economic importance of functional traits in the cattle breeds studied.
为了评估繁殖性状的经济重要性，为 3 个德国奶牛品种（德国荷斯坦牛、安哥拉牛和红白兼用牛）计算了经济价值（EV）。为此，使用了模拟 herd 的随机生物经济模型 SimHerd（SimHerd A/S，Viborg，丹麦），该模型模拟了奶牛群的预期货币收益。EV 是通过计算对感兴趣性状的边际变化所导致的 herd 平均净收益的变化来计算的。使用 SimHerd 计算 EV 时，会考虑奶牛群年龄结构变化（即结构性 herd 效应）所带来的经济后果。但是，这需要在生物经济模型中模拟性状之间的关系。为了避免重复计算，使用多元回归分析校正与性状相关的性状变化对性状 EV 的影响。以生产、形态和可操作性、奶牛健康、犊牛存活率和繁殖性能为指标，为 23 个性状计算了 EV。此外，还计算了繁殖性状的相对经济重要性。研究品种中，生产的相对重要性在 39.9%至 44.4%之间。每例酮病和子宫内膜炎的总成本为 167 至 196 欧元和 173 至 182 欧元。乳腺炎（每例 257 至 271 欧元）和跛行（每例 270 至 310 欧元）的直接健康性状的边际 EV 最高。因此，直接健康性状的相对重要性在 15.7%至 17.9%之间。繁殖性能的 EV 在牛群品种之间存在最大差异。荷斯坦牛的总体繁殖相对重点为 10.5%，安哥拉牛为 10.8%，红白兼用牛为 6.5%。牛死亡率的相对经济重要性在各品种间的范围为 15.5%至 16.0%。总的来说，该研究表明，在所研究的奶牛品种中，功能性状具有很高的经济重要性。
