He Xiaoying, Yuan Ting, Jiang Xinying, Yang Hui, Zheng Chun Li
School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China.
School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 20;761:144123. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144123. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
Previous studies have shown that an effective damage detection method for model rats from macro individual to micro cellular, was applied to assess the groundwater quality from rare earth metals tailings seepage. To determine whether it is universal method for measuring the toxicological damage caused by contaminated water around other mining areas to organisms at the organ-tissue-cell-chromosome-gene level. In this study, a rare earth mining area in North China was used as research base. Firstly, the core pollution factors in surface water and groundwater from five different sites were analyzed. Then, the degree of toxicological damage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats caused by contaminated water were systematically assessed using biological methods. Finally, the possible molecular mechanism of toxicological damage was further discussed. The synthesis results showed that the main pollution factors were some metal elements (Mn, Zn, Co, Ni) and rare earth elements (Sc, Nb, La, Ce, Pr, Dy and Y), which might cause significant DNA genetic damage to SD rats. Further, differential gene expression profile showed that DNA damage-inducible genes (Gadd45g and Ddit4), immunity-related genes (Mpo, Slpi and Elane) and two cancer-related genes (Mmp8 and Ltf) were used as a new prognostic and predictive biomarker for biosafety assessment. Therefore, this study provides a possible molecular mechanism for the toxicological damage, and also it provides a universal method to scientifically and effectively evaluate the water pollution risk for other mining areas.
以往研究表明，一种从宏观个体到微观细胞的模型大鼠有效损伤检测方法，被应用于评估稀土金属尾矿渗流的地下水水质。以确定其是否为在器官 - 组织 - 细胞 - 染色体 - 基因水平上测量其他矿区周边受污染水对生物体造成毒理学损伤的通用方法。本研究以华北某稀土矿区为研究基地。首先，分析了五个不同地点地表水和地下水中的核心污染因子。然后，采用生物学方法系统评估了受污染水对斯普拉格 - 道利（SD）大鼠的毒理学损伤程度。最后，进一步探讨了毒理学损伤可能的分子机制。综合结果表明，主要污染因子为一些金属元素（锰、锌、钴、镍）和稀土元素（钪、铌、镧、铈、镨、镝和钇），这些元素可能对SD大鼠造成显著的DNA遗传损伤。此外，差异基因表达谱显示，DNA损伤诱导基因（Gadd45g和Ddit4）、免疫相关基因（Mpo、Slpi和Elane）以及两个癌症相关基因（Mmp8和Ltf）可作为生物安全评估的新的预后和预测生物标志物。因此，本研究为毒理学损伤提供了一种可能的分子机制，也为科学有效地评估其他矿区水污染风险提供了一种通用方法。
