School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha410083, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China.
Water Res. 2021 Feb 15;190:116759. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116759. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Natural organic matter (NOM) is ubiquitous in environment and plays a fundamental role in the geochemical cycling of elements. It is involved in a wide range of environmental processes and can significantly affect the environmental fates of exogenous contaminants. Understanding the properties and environmental behaviors of NOM is critical to advance water treatment technologies and environmental remediation strategies. NOM is composed of characteristic light-absorbing/emitting functional groups, which are the "identification card" of NOM and susceptive to ambient physiochemical changes. These groups and their variations can be captured through optical sensing. Therefore, spectroscopic techniques are elegant tools to track the sources, features, and environmental behaviors of NOM. In this work, the most recent advances in molecular spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis, fluorescence, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, for the characterization, measurement, and monitoring of NOM are reviewed, and the state-of-the-art innovations are highlighted. Furthermore, the limitations of current spectroscopic approaches for the exploration of NOM-related environmental processesand how these weaknesses/drawbacks can be addressed are explored. Finally, suggestions and directions are proposed to advance the development of spectroscopic methods in analyzing and elucidating the properties and behaviors of NOM in natural and engineered environments.
天然有机物（NOM）在环境中无处不在，在元素的地球化学循环中起着基本作用。它涉及广泛的环境过程，并能显著影响外源污染物的环境归宿。了解 NOM 的性质和环境行为对于推进水处理技术和环境修复策略至关重要。NOM 由特征吸光/发光官能团组成，这些官能团是 NOM 的“身份证”，并易受环境物理化学变化的影响。这些基团及其变化可以通过光学传感来捕捉。因此，光谱技术是追踪 NOM 的来源、特征和环境行为的优雅工具。在这项工作中，综述了分子光谱技术（包括紫外-可见、荧光、红外和拉曼光谱）在 NOM 的表征、测量和监测方面的最新进展，并强调了最先进的创新。此外，还探讨了当前光谱方法在探索与 NOM 相关的环境过程方面的局限性，以及如何解决这些弱点/缺点。最后，提出了建议和方向，以推进光谱方法在分析和阐明天然和工程环境中 NOM 的性质和行为方面的发展。
