State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 13 Tarasa Shevchenka Blvd., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2020 Dec;25:18-55. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2020-25-18-55.
Odontological effects of ionizing radiation (IR) as a result of radiotherapy, the consequences of accidents at nuclear power plants and industry, individual occupational exposure, etc. deserve significant attention interns of radiation medicine and radiation safety.
to analyze and summarize clinical and experimental data on the odontological radiation effects.
the pathological changes in the hard tissues of teeth, pulp, periodontium, mucousmembranes of the mouth and jaws due to exposure to IR.
search in the PubMed / MEDLINE, Google Scholarabstract medical and biological databases, scientific libraries of the relevant sources of scientific information.
Radiobiological effects of IR due to its direct and indirect action are manifested throughout the period ofodontogenesis and formation of the facial skeleton. Experimental and clinical data (in children and adults) indicatethe increased risk of dental caries, reduction of pain threshold and vascularization of tooth pulp along with its fibrosis and atrophy, periodontal dysfunction, which predispose to a high probability of tooth loss. Abnormalities in theactivity of osteoblasts and cementoblasts of dental periosteum and osteoblasts of alveolar process in combinationwith circulatory disorders due to endothelial cell death, hyalinization, thrombosis and vascular obliteration increasethe risk of jaw osteoradionecrosis. Children who have undergone a prenatal exposure to IR as a result of theChornobyl NPP accident have a premature change of teeth. Deterioration of periodontal tissues and early development of acute and complicated dental caries are typical for children and adults affected by the Chornobyl disaster.
Summarized data on the effects of radiation exposure under different conditions on teeth primordia(i.e. immature teeth), their formation and eruption in experimental and clinical settings, as well as on the odontological radiation effects in adults are summarized. Condition of the teeth in the Chornobyl NPP accident survivorsis described. Understanding and taking into account the radiobiological odontological effects is necessary in thelight of planning, preparing, and conducting local radiation therapy and developing the standards of radiation safety and measures to protect professionals and the public in the event of possible radiation accidents at the nuclearpower plants and industry facilities.
电离辐射（IR）对牙齿的影响，如放疗、核电站和工业事故的后果、个体职业暴露等，在放射医学和放射安全领域值得高度关注。
分析和总结牙齿放射效应的临床和实验数据。
由于暴露于 IR 而导致的牙齿硬组织、牙髓、牙周组织、口腔和颌骨黏膜的病理变化。
在 PubMed/MEDLINE、Google Scholar 摘要医学和生物数据库、相关科学信息来源的科学图书馆中进行搜索。
IR 的放射生物学效应由于其直接和间接作用，在整个牙发生和面部骨骼形成期间表现出来。实验和临床数据（在儿童和成人中）表明，龋齿风险增加，牙髓疼痛阈值降低和血管化，纤维化和萎缩，牙周功能障碍，这导致牙齿脱落的概率很高。牙骨膜和牙槽突成骨细胞和牙骨质细胞的活性异常，结合内皮细胞死亡、玻璃样变、血栓形成和血管闭塞引起的循环障碍，增加了颌骨放射性骨坏死的风险。由于切尔诺贝利核电站事故而在产前暴露于 IR 的儿童，牙齿过早变化。牙周组织恶化和急性和复杂龋齿的早期发展是受切尔诺贝利灾难影响的儿童和成人的典型特征。
总结了在实验和临床环境下不同条件下对牙齿原基（即未成熟牙齿）及其形成和萌出的辐射暴露的影响，以及对成人牙齿放射效应的影响。描述了切尔诺贝利核电站事故幸存者的牙齿状况。在规划、准备和进行局部放射治疗以及制定放射安全标准和在核电厂和工业设施发生可能的辐射事故时保护专业人员和公众的措施时，了解和考虑放射生物学牙齿效应是必要的。
