College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, Hubei Province, China.
Syst Biol. 2021 Oct 13;70(6):1110-1122. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa098.
The segmented trapdoor spiders (Liphistiidae) are the sole surviving family of the suborder Mesothelae, which forms the sister lineage to all other living spiders. Liphistiids have retained a number of plesiomorphic traits and their present-day distribution is limited to East and Southeast Asia. Studying this group has the potential to shed light on the deep evolutionary history of spiders, but the phylogeny and divergence times of the family have not been resolved with confidence. We performed phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses of 2765 ultraconserved element loci from 185 liphistiid taxa. Our analyses show that the crown group of Liphistiidae appeared in the mid-Cretaceous at 102 Ma (95% credibility interval 92-113 Ma), but it was not until the Neogene that much of the diversification within the family occurred in mainland Southeast and East Asia. This diversification was coincident with tectonic events such as the extension of the East Asian continental margin, as well as geological upheavals in Indochina induced by the collision between India and Asia. Our study highlights the important role of major tectonic events in shaping the evolutionary history, present-day diversity, and geographical distribution of mesothele and liphistiid spiders. [biogeography; concatenation; Liphistiidae; molecular dating; summary coalescent; UCEs.].
分段活板蛛（Liphistiidae）是唯一幸存的亚目Mesothelae 家族，该家族与所有其他现存蜘蛛形成姐妹谱系。活板蛛保留了许多原始特征，其现今的分布范围仅限于东亚和东南亚。研究这个群体有可能揭示蜘蛛的深层进化历史，但该家族的系统发育和分歧时间尚未得到明确解决。我们对来自 185 种活板蛛类群的 2765 个超保守元件基因座进行了基因组和分子定年分析。我们的分析表明，活板蛛科的冠群出现在白垩纪中期，距今约 1.02 亿年（95%置信区间为 92-113 万年），但直到新近纪，该家族的大部分多样性才在东南亚大陆和东亚出现。这种多样化与构造事件同时发生，如东亚大陆边缘的伸展，以及印度和亚洲碰撞引起的中南半岛的地质剧变。我们的研究强调了主要构造事件在塑造 Mesothelae 和活板蛛的进化历史、现今多样性和地理分布方面的重要作用。
