Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Dept. Animal Production, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2022;52(5):1029-1047. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1855410. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
The global emission and accumulation of gases due to livestock farming is estimated to contribute to about 14.5% of the global warming effect due to greenhouse gases (GHG). Pig farming represents 9% of global livestock GHG emissions, without considering other activities of pork production process, such as feed production. Most of information about pig farms GHG emissions is based on theoretical calculations with not too much accuracy. Hence, there is a critical need to study the best sampling and analytical techniques (portable or not) that can be used to map their contribution to GHG emissions. The selection of the best analytical detection method becomes important for public policies on climate change, and in order to evaluate animal and manure handling practices to reduce GHG and to combat global warming. In this article, different techniques, which could be used to measure the emissions of GHG from livestock, are reviewed, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, with special emphasis on those already used in studies about GHG from pig farms and those that allow the simultaneous determination of several species of gases. Open chambers equipped with photoacoustic multi-gas monitor have been the techniques most employed in intensive pig farms studies. Gas Chromatography coupled to different detectors has been only widely used in pig farms to monitor simultaneously several GHG species using previous sampling devices. However, there are no studies in the literature based on extensive pig farms. In these systems, micrometeorological techniques could be a promising strategy.
由于畜牧业导致的全球气体排放和积累，据估计约占温室气体（GHG）导致全球变暖效应的 14.5%。养猪业占全球牲畜温室气体排放的 9%，但未考虑猪肉生产过程中的其他活动，例如饲料生产。关于养猪场温室气体排放的大部分信息是基于理论计算，准确性不太高。因此，迫切需要研究最佳的抽样和分析技术（便携式或非便携式），以便能够对其温室气体排放做出准确的评估。选择最佳的分析检测方法对于气候变化的公共政策非常重要，并且有助于评估动物和粪便处理措施，以减少温室气体排放并应对全球变暖。本文综述了可用于测量牲畜温室气体排放的不同技术，展示了每种技术的优缺点，特别强调了那些已经在养猪场温室气体研究中使用的技术，以及那些允许同时测定多种气体的技术。配备光声多气体监测仪的开放式气室是集约化养猪场研究中最常用的技术。气相色谱法与不同的检测器相结合，仅广泛用于养猪场，使用先前的采样设备同时监测多种温室气体。然而，文献中没有基于大型养猪场的研究。在这些系统中，微气象技术可能是一种很有前途的策略。
