Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Key Laboratory of Te-chnology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Nov 1;345:118589. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118589. Epub 2023 Jul 12.
Although facultative heap composting is widely used in small and medium-sized livestock farms in China, there are few studies on greenhouse gas (GHG) and odor emissions from this composting system. This study focused on GHG and odor emissions from facultative heap composting of four types of livestock manure and revealed the relationship between the gaseous emissions and microbial communities. Results showed that pig, sheep, and cow manure reached high compost maturity (germination index (GI) > 70%), whereas chicken manure had higher phytotoxicity (GI = 0.02%) with higher electrical conductivity and a lower carbon/nitrogen ratio. The four manure types significantly differed in the total GHG emission, with the following pattern: pig manure (308 g CO-eq·kg) > cow manure (146 g CO-eq·kg) > chicken manure (136 g CO-eq·kg) > sheep manure (95 g CO-eq·kg). Bacterium with Fermentative, Methanotrophy and Nitrite respiratory functions (e.g. Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus) are enriched within the pile so that more than 90% of the GHGs are produced in the early (days 0-15) and late (days 36-49) composting periods. CO contributed more than 90% in the first 35 d, NO contributed 40-75% in the late composting period, and CH contributed less than 8.0%. NH and HS emissions from chicken and pig manure were 4.8 times those from sheep and cow manure. Overall, the gas emissions from facultative heap composting significantly differed among the four manure types due to the significant differences in their physicochemical properties and microbial communities.
尽管在中国的中小规模养殖场中广泛使用了兼性堆肥，但对于这种堆肥系统的温室气体（GHG）和恶臭排放的研究却很少。本研究主要关注了四种类型的牲畜粪便在兼性堆肥过程中的 GHG 和恶臭排放，并揭示了气态排放与微生物群落之间的关系。结果表明，猪、羊和牛粪达到了较高的堆肥成熟度（发芽指数（GI）>70%），而鸡粪具有更高的植物毒性（GI=0.02%），表现为更高的电导率和更低的碳氮比。四种粪肥类型的总 GHG 排放量差异显著，排放模式为：猪粪（308 g CO-eq·kg）>牛粪（146 g CO-eq·kg）>鸡粪（136 g CO-eq·kg）>羊粪（95 g CO-eq·kg）。具有发酵、甲烷营养和亚硝酸盐呼吸功能的细菌（如假单胞菌和乳杆菌）在堆体内得到了富集，使得超过 90%的 GHG 在早期（第 0-15 天）和晚期（第 36-49 天）堆肥期内产生。在最初的 35 天内，CO 贡献了超过 90%，NO 在后期堆肥期贡献了 40-75%，而 CH 贡献小于 8.0%。鸡粪和猪粪的 NH 和 HS 排放量是羊粪和牛粪的 4.8 倍。总体而言，由于四种粪肥类型在理化性质和微生物群落方面存在显著差异，因此兼性堆肥的气体排放存在显著差异。
