The impact of 6 years of the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program on colorectal cancer incidence and 5-year survival.

We aimed to assess the impact of the first three rounds of the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program (NCCSP) on CRC incidence and mortality in Slovenia. In NCCSP, we use two fecal immune tests (FITs) and if test is positive patient is referred to colonoscopy. From 2009, we invite Slovenian residents aged 50-69 years, one screening round takes 2 years. The response rate was from 56.9 to 59.9%. FIT was positive in 6.0-6.2% (more in older patients and in men; P < 0.05). The adenoma detection rate was >51.3% (more in men; P < 0.01). In NCCSP, 70.3% of all cancers diagnosed were in stages I and II, while 20.7% of all CRC were found in polyps resected during colonoscopies. Patients with positive first FIT have odds ratio 2.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.06-2.32] for advanced neoplasia and cancer compared to patients with two negative FITs. The incidence rate for CRC has dropped significantly after 6 years in population and in men (P < 0.01) but not in women. Five-year CRC survival was 31.3% higher if cancer was diagnosed in NCCSP (P < 0.05). After 6 years of NCCSP, the incidence rate for CRC has dropped significantly (P < 0.01). Hazard ratio for death from CRC was 3.84 higher (95% CI, 3.36-4.40; P < 0.001) in patients with cancer detected outside the program.