Harvard-Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency (HAEMR), Boston, MA, USA.
Glob Public Health. 2021 Aug-Sep;16(8-9):1155-1166. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1864754. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
The persistent influence of coloniality both from external actors and from within threatens the response to COVID-19 in Africa. This essay presents historical context for the colonial inheritance of modern global health and analyses two controversies related to COVID-19 that illustrate facets of coloniality: comments made by French researchers regarding the testing of BCG vaccine in Africa, and the claims by Madagascar's president Andry Rajoelina that the country had developed an effective traditional remedy named Covid-Organics. Leveraging both historical sources and contemporary documentary sources, I demonstrate how the currents of exploitation, marginalisation, pathologisation and saviourism rooted in coloniality are manifested via these events. I also discuss responses to coloniality, focussing on the misuse and co-optation of pan-Africanist rhetoric. In particular, I argue that the scandal surrounding Covid-Organics is a reflection of endogenised coloniality, whereby local elites entrench and benefit from inequitable power structures at the intersubjective (rather than trans-national) scale. I conclude with a reflection on the need for equity as a guiding principle to dismantle global health colonialism.
殖民主义的持续影响,无论是来自外部行为体还是内部,都威胁着非洲对 COVID-19 的应对。本文为现代全球卫生领域的殖民遗产提供了历史背景,并分析了与 COVID-19 相关的两个争议,这些争议说明了殖民主义的几个方面:法国研究人员对在非洲测试卡介苗疫苗的评论,以及马达加斯加总统 Andry Rajoelina 声称该国开发了一种名为 Covid-Organics 的有效传统疗法。本文利用历史资料和当代文献资料,展示了这些事件如何体现了殖民主义中剥削、边缘化、病理化和救世主主义的潮流。本文还讨论了对殖民主义的回应,重点讨论了泛非主义言论的滥用和篡夺。特别是,我认为围绕 Covid-Organics 的丑闻反映了内生性殖民主义,即地方精英在主体间(而非跨国)层面巩固和受益于不平等的权力结构。最后,我反思了需要公平作为指导原则,以消除全球卫生殖民主义。