Department of Ophthalmology, Etlik Zübeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, AnkaraTurkey.
Department of Ophthalmology, Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Turk J Pediatr. 2020;62(6):1049-1057. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2020.06.017.
Visual problems, cerebral visual impairment, refractive errors and strabismus are commonly found in preterm infants in long-term follow-ups. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that lead to the development of amblyogenic risk factors, such as high refractive errors, anisometropia and strabismus, in the long-term evaluation of preterm infants.
We retrospectively evaluated children who were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and who had a 3rd year ophthalmologic examination. The impacts of sex, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), BW for GA, being small for gestational age (SGA), being appropriate for gestational age (AGA), multiple pregnancies and the results of ROP screening on refractive errors and the development of strabismus were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. The SGA and AGA groups were compared in terms of refractive errors and presence of strabismus.
Six hundred and eight children, including 317 (52.1%) males and 291 (47.9%) females, were included in the study. The mean GA was 31 ± 3 weeks (24-36), and the mean BW was 1505 ± 435 g (600-2460). The number of SGA-born children was 101 (16.6%). Manifest deviation was detected in 42 (5.6%) children, and optical correction was required in 101 (16.6%) children. Being an SGA infant and multiple pregnancies were risk factors for refractive errors requiring optical correction, and hyperopia (≥3.00 D) was found to be a risk factor for the development of strabismus in the multivariate regression analysis. Additionally, the SGA group was at high risk for strabismus, hyperopia, high astigmatism and the need for optical correction.
We concluded that SGA seems to be associated with an increased risk of strabismus and a high refractive error. It should be taken into consideration during follow-up examinations of SGA infants.
早产儿在长期随访中常出现视觉问题、脑性视觉损伤、屈光不正和斜视。本研究旨在确定导致远视、屈光参差和斜视等弱视危险因素发展的因素，对早产儿进行长期评估。
我们回顾性评估了接受早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）筛查且在第 3 年进行眼科检查的儿童。采用逻辑回归分析评估性别、胎龄（GA）、出生体重（BW）、BW/GA、小于胎龄儿（SGA）、适于胎龄儿（AGA）、多胎妊娠以及 ROP 筛查结果对屈光不正和斜视发展的影响。比较 SGA 和 AGA 组的屈光不正和斜视发生率。
共纳入 608 名儿童，其中男 317 名（52.1%），女 291 名（47.9%）。平均 GA 为 31 ± 3 周（24-36），平均 BW 为 1505 ± 435 g（600-2460）。SGA 出生的儿童 101 名（16.6%）。42 名（5.6%）儿童出现显性斜视，101 名（16.6%）儿童需要光学矫正。SGA 婴儿和多胎妊娠是需要光学矫正的屈光不正危险因素，多因素回归分析显示远视（≥3.00 D）是斜视发展的危险因素。此外，SGA 组斜视、远视、高度散光和需要光学矫正的风险较高。
我们得出结论，SGA 似乎与斜视和高度屈光不正的风险增加有关。在 SGA 婴儿的随访检查中应考虑到这一点。
