Developmental differences in children's and adults' use of geometric information in map-reading tasks.

Using maps effectively requires the ability to scale distances while preserving angle and orientation, the three properties of Euclidean geometry. The aim of the current study was twofold: first, to examine how the ability to represent and use these Euclidean properties changes with development when scaling maps in object-to-object relationships and, second, to explore the effects on the scaling performance of two variables of the array of objects, type of angular configuration and relative vector length. To this end, we tested seventy-five 4-, 6-, and 8-year-old children, as well as twenty-five adults, in a simple completion task with different linear and triangular configurations of objects. This study revealed important developmental changes between 4 and 6 years of age and between 8 years of age and adulthood for both distance and angle representation, while it also showed that the configuration variables affected younger and older children's performances in different ways when scaling distances and preserving angles and orientation. This study was instrumental in showing that, from an early age, children are able to exploit an intrinsic system of reference to scale geometrical configurations of objects.