Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
Appetite. 2021 May 1;160:105090. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105090. Epub 2020 Dec 26.
There is limited evidence concerning the potential effectiveness of health warning labels (HWLs) using images and text to depict possible negative health consequences of consumption, for reducing selection of energy-dense snack foods. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms have received little attention; particularly effects on implicit attitudes, which previous work has shown may mediate the effect of aversive images on food choice.
To assess the impact of pairing image- and text-based HWLs with energy-dense snack foods on a) the selection of, and b) implicit and explicit attitudes towards, those foods.
Online experimental study with a representative UK sample (n = 1185), using a 2(Image/No Image) x 2(Text/No Text) factorial between-subjects design. Participants were randomised to one of four study arms, viewing snack food images paired with either: image-only HWLs, text-only HWLs, image-and-text HWLs, or no HWLs (control). HWLs concerned various negative health consequences of excess energy intake, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was hypothetical food choice (energy-dense snack foods versus fruit), assessed post-intervention. Secondary outcomes were implicit and explicit attitudes.
Neither food choice nor explicit attitudes were changed significantly by any type of HWL. Implicit attitudes towards energy-dense snack foods were more negative after exposure to text-only or image-and-text HWLs. Both implicit and explicit attitudes predicted unique variance in food choice.
This study suggests that short-term repeated exposure to HWLs paired with energy-dense snack foods may not consistently alter food choices, but can change implicit attitudes associated with food choices. Further laboratory and field studies are needed to more definitively assess the impact of HWLs on food selection and consumption in applied contexts and over time, as well as delineate underlying mechanisms.
关于使用图像和文字描述消费可能带来的负面健康后果的健康警示标签（HWL）在减少选择高能量零食方面的潜在有效性的证据有限。此外，很少关注潜在机制；特别是对隐性态度的影响，以前的工作表明，隐性态度可能会影响厌恶图像对食物选择的影响。
评估将基于图像和基于文本的 HWL 与高能量零食搭配使用对以下方面的影响：a）对这些食物的选择，b）对这些食物的隐性和显性态度。
使用具有代表性的英国样本（n=1185）的在线实验研究，采用 2（图像/无图像）x 2（文本/无文本）的被试间因子设计。参与者随机分配到四个研究组中的一个，观看配对了以下内容的零食食品图像：仅图像 HWL、仅文本 HWL、图像和文本 HWL 或无 HWL（对照组）。HWL 涉及过量能量摄入对各种负面健康后果，如心脏病和 2 型糖尿病。主要结果是干预后假设的食物选择（高能量零食与水果）。次要结果是隐性和显性态度。
任何类型的 HWL 都没有显著改变食物选择或显性态度。仅文本或图像和文本 HWL 暴露后，对高能量零食的隐性态度变得更消极。隐性和显性态度都可以预测食物选择的独特差异。
本研究表明，短期反复接触与高能量零食配对的 HWL 可能不会一致改变食物选择，但可以改变与食物选择相关的隐性态度。需要进一步的实验室和现场研究来更明确地评估 HWL 在应用环境中和随时间推移对食物选择和消费的影响，以及阐明潜在机制。
Zotero 插件