Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Cells. 2020 Dec 26;10(1):29. doi: 10.3390/cells10010029.
Cortical development in humans is a long and ongoing process that continuously modifies the neural circuitry into adolescence. This is well represented by the dynamic maturation of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter tract in the brain. Callosal projection neurons whose long-range axons form the main component of the corpus callosum are evolved relatively recently with a substantial, disproportionate increase in numbers in humans. Though the anatomy of the corpus callosum and cellular processes in its development have been intensively studied by experts in a variety of fields over several decades, the whole picture of its development, in particular, the molecular controls over the development of callosal projections, still has many missing pieces. This review highlights the most recent progress on the understanding of corpus callosum formation with a special emphasis on the novel molecular players in the development of axonal projections in the corpus callosum.
人类大脑皮质的发育是一个长期持续的过程，一直持续到青春期。这一点很好地体现在胼胝体的动态成熟上，胼胝体是大脑中最大的白质束。大脑皮层的投射神经元的长程轴突形成了胼胝体的主要成分，它们是相对较新进化而来的，在人类中数量大幅增加，不成比例。尽管几十年来，不同领域的专家们对胼胝体的解剖结构和其发育过程中的细胞过程进行了深入研究，但它的整个发育过程，特别是对胼胝体投射发育的分子控制，仍然存在许多未知之处。这篇综述重点介绍了对胼胝体形成的最新理解，特别强调了在胼胝体轴突投射发育中起作用的新的分子。
