Singh Upendra N, Refaat Tamer F, Petros Mulugeta, Ismail Syed
NASA Engineering and Safety Center, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
Remote Sensing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens. 2018 Jun;11(6):2059-2067. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2777453. Epub 2018 Jan 23.
The societal benefits of understanding climate change through the identification of global carbon dioxide sources and sinks led to the recommendation for NASA's Active Sensing of Carbon Dioxide Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons space-based mission for global carbon dioxide measurements. For more than 15 years, the NASA Langley Research Center has developed several carbon dioxide active remote sensors using the differential absorption lidar technique operating at 2-m wavelength. Recently, an airborne double-pulsed integrated path differential absorption lidar was developed, tested, and validated for atmospheric carbon dioxide measurement. Results indicated 1.02% column carbon dioxide measurement uncertainty and 0.28% bias over the ocean. Currently, this technology is progressing toward triple-pulse operation targeting both atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor-the dominant interfering molecule on carbon dioxide remote sensing. Measurements from the double-pulse lidar and the advancement of the triple-pulse lidar development are presented. In addition, measurement simulations with a space-based IPDA lidar, incorporating new technologies, are also presented to assess feasibility of carbon dioxide measurements from space.
通过识别全球二氧化碳源和汇来了解气候变化所带来的社会效益，促使人们建议美国国家航空航天局（NASA）开展“夜间、白天和季节二氧化碳排放主动遥感”天基任务，以进行全球二氧化碳测量。15 多年来，NASA 兰利研究中心利用工作在 2 微米波长的差分吸收激光雷达技术，开发了几种二氧化碳主动遥感器。最近，一种机载双脉冲积分路径差分吸收激光雷达被开发出来，并经过测试和验证用于大气二氧化碳测量。结果表明，在海洋上空，柱二氧化碳测量不确定度为 1.02%，偏差为 0.28%。目前，这项技术正朝着针对大气二氧化碳和水汽（二氧化碳遥感中主要的干扰分子）的三脉冲操作发展。介绍了双脉冲激光雷达的测量结果以及三脉冲激光雷达的发展进展。此外，还展示了结合新技术的天基积分路径差分吸收（IPDA）激光雷达的测量模拟，以评估从太空进行二氧化碳测量的可行性。
