Kayser Bill, Cotté Benjamin, Ecotière David, Gauvreau Benoit
Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale, Université Gustave Eiffel, Cerema, Allée des Ponts et Chaussées Route de la Bouaye, 44340 Bouguenais, France.
Institut des Sciences de la Mécanique et Applications, École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Électricité de France, Institut Polytechnique Paris, Paris, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2020 Dec;148(6):3623. doi: 10.1121/10.0002872.
Modeling a wind turbine sound field involves taking into account the main aeroacoustic sources that are generally dominant for modern wind turbines, as well as environmental phenomena such as atmospheric conditions and ground properties that are variable in both time and space. A crucial step to obtain reliable predictions is to estimate the relative influence of environmental parameters on acoustic emission and propagation, in order to determine the parameters that induce the greatest variability on sound pressure level. Thus, this study proposes a Morris sensitivity analysis of a wind turbine noise emission model combined with a sound propagation model in downwind conditions. The emission model is based on Amiet's theory and propagation effects are modeled by the wide-angle parabolic equation. The whole simulation takes into account ground effects (absorption through acoustic impedance and scattering through surface roughness) and micrometeorological effects (mean refraction through the vertical gradient of effective sound speed). The final results show that the parameters involved in atmospheric refraction and in ground absorption have a significant influence on sound pressure level. On the other hand, in the context of this study the relative air humidity and the ground roughness parameters appear to be negligible on sound pressure level sensitivity.
对风力涡轮机声场进行建模，需要考虑那些通常在现代风力涡轮机中占主导地位的主要气动声源，以及诸如大气条件和地面特性等在时间和空间上都可变的环境现象。获得可靠预测的关键一步是估计环境参数对声发射和传播的相对影响，以便确定那些对声压级产生最大变异性的参数。因此，本研究提出了一种在顺风条件下对风力涡轮机噪声排放模型与声音传播模型相结合的莫里斯敏感性分析。排放模型基于阿米特理论，传播效应通过广角抛物方程进行建模。整个模拟考虑了地面效应（通过声阻抗的吸收和通过表面粗糙度的散射）和微气象效应（通过有效声速的垂直梯度的平均折射）。最终结果表明，大气折射和地面吸收所涉及的参数对声压级有显著影响。另一方面，在本研究的背景下，相对空气湿度和地面粗糙度参数在声压级敏感性方面似乎可以忽略不计。
